Roland OBERHANSLI, Fukun CHEN, Muharrem SATIR, Cüneyt AKAL, O. Ersin KORALAY, O. Özcan DORA, Osman CANDAN

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Menderes Masifi'ndeki Pan-Afrikan ve Triyas yaşlı metagranitoyidlerin jeolojisi ve jeokronolojisi, Batı Anadolu, Türkiye

Menderes Masifi (MM), Türkiye'nin batısında Alpin Orojenik Kuşağı içerisinde geniş alanda yüzeyleyen metamorfik bir komplekstir. Masif ana olarak, Prekambriyen yaşlı bir temel ve onu üzerleyen Paleozoyik-Erken Tersiyer yaşlı örtü serilerinden yapılıdır. Temel, kısmi migmatitleşme sunan paragnays ve yüksek dereceli mika şistlerden oluşan Geç Proterozoyik yaşlı metaklastikler, bunlar içine sokulum yapmış sin-/post-tektonik Pan-Afrikan ortognayslar ve kısmen eklojitleşmiş metagabrolardan oluşmaktadır. Temeli uyumsuz olarak üzerleyen örtü serileri ise Paleozoyik ve Mesozoyik-Erken Tersiyer yaşlı iki üniteden meydana gelmektedir. Temel ve örtü serileri Tersiyer'de etkin bir Alpin deformasyon ve bölgesel metamorfizmadan etkilenmiştir. Jeolojik ve jeokronolojik veriler Menderes Masifi'nde, (i) Pan-Afrikan, (ii) Triyas ve (iii) Miyosen yaşlı üç asidik magmatik aktivitenin varlığını göstermektedir. Pan-Afrikan ortognaysların ilksel kayalarını oluşturan asidik magmatikler dokusal ve mineralojik bileşimlerine göre; 1-Biyotit ortognays, 2-Turmalin lökokratik ortognays ve 3-Amfibol ortognays olmak üzere üç ana türe ayrılabilmektedir. Söz konusu ortognaysların ilksel granitleri birbirileriyle ve çevre kayaları oluşturan Geç Proterozoyik yaşlı metaklastiklerle belirgin intruzif dokanak ilişkileri sunmaktadır. Dokanak ilişkileri, bu ortognays türlerinin göreceli yaş ilişkilerine göre, yaşlıdan gence doğru 'biyotit ortognayslar, turmalin lökokratik ortognayslar ve amfibol ortognayslar' olarak sıralanabileceğini göstermektedir. Önceki çalışmalarda yaşlandırılan örneklerin tanımlanmasından kaynaklanan bazı problemler olmasına karşın radyometrik yaş verilerinin ana hatlarıyla bu göreceli ilişkiyle uyum gösterdiği (biyotit ortognays: 550-570 My; turmalin lökokratik ortognays: 541-547 My ve amfibol ortognays: 531 My) görülmektedir. Bu radyometrik veriler, Masifteki farklı ortognays türlerinin Geç Proterozoyik-Erken Kambriyen yaşlı aynı bir asidik magmatik aktivitenin ayrımlaşma ürünleri olduklarını göstermektedir. Erken Kambriyen'de Masif in paleocoğrafik konumu, temel serilerinin metamorfik evrimi ile asidik mag-matizma arasındaki yakın zamansal ilişki, ortognaysların jeokimyasal karakterleri birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, Menderes Masifi'ndeki ortalama 550 My yaşlı asidik magmatik aktivitenin Pan-Afrikan orojenezi ile ilişkili olarak Mozambik Okyanusu'nun kapanması, Doğu-Batı Gondvana'nın çarpışması, kabuk kalınlaşması ve bunun sonucu alt kabukta gerçekleşen kısmi ergime süreci ile ilişkilendirilebileceği sonucuna varılmaktadır. Triyas yaşlı lökokratik ortognayslar Menderes Masifi'ndeki ikinci etkin asidik magmatik aktiviteyi oluşturmaktadır. Boyutları 6-7 km ye ulaşan plutonlar şeklinde bulunan lökokratik ortognayslar, Ödemiş-Kiraz Asmasifi ve Demirci-Gördes Asmasifi'nde yüzlek vermektedir. Bunlar, temel serilerine ait Geç Proterozoyik yaşlı metakırıntılıları ve örtü serilerinin Geç Paleozoyik yaşlı metasedimentleri ile iyi korunmuş intrüzif dokanak ilişkileri sunmaktadır. Jeokimyasal özellikleri, lökokratik ortognaysların ilksel kayalarının tipik kalk-alkalin karakterli, S-tipi granitler olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Tek zirkon Pb/Pb evaporasyon yöntemine dayalı jeokronolojik çalışmalarda bu kayalardan 227-246 My arasında değişen yaşlar elde edilmiştir. Bu yaşlar, ortognaysların ilksel granitlerinin Orta Triyas'taki yerleşim yaşı olarak yorumlanmaktadır. Masifin yanı sıra Anatolitler'e ait tektonik zonlar, Karaburun Yarımadası, Kikladlar ve iç Hellenidler'de Erken-Orta Triyas yaşlı magmatik aktivitenin yaygın varlığı bilinmektedir. Triyas yaşlı magmatik aktivitelerin bölgesel karakteri göz önüne alındığında, Menderes Masifi'ndeki bu lökokratik ortognaysların söz konusu magmatiklerle jenetik bir ilişkiye sahip olduğu ve bu kapsamda Neotetis Okyanusu'nun açılıjıasıyla ilişkilendirilebileceği düşünülmektedir.

The Menders Massif is a metamorphic complex cropping out on a large region in the Alpine orogenic belt in Western Anatolia. The massif mainly, is made up of a Precambrian basement and the overlying Palaeozoic-Early Tertiary cover series. The basement comprises Late Proterozoic metaclastics composed of paragneiss and high grade micaschists, syn to post tectonical Pan African orthogneisses that have intruded into them, and metagabbros which have partly turned into eclogitic form. Cover series unconformably overlying the basement are divided into two units, in Palaeozoic and Mesozoic-Early Tertiary ages. The basement and cover series were influenced by an effective Alpine contractional deformation and a regional metamorphism in Tertiary time. Geological and geochronological data in the Menderes Massif, indicate the presence of three acidic magmatic activities of i) Pan African, ii) Triassic and iii) Miocene in ages. The acidic magmatics forming the protoliths of Pan African orthogneisses can be divided into three main types according to their textural and mineralogical compositions as; 1) Biotite orthogneiss, 2) Tourmaline leucocratic orhogneiss and 3) Amphibole orthogneiss. The relations of primary granites of these orthogneisses present a clear intrusive contact relationship among them and with the metaclastics of late Proterozoic age. The contact relationships show that these orthogneiss types can be ordered as biotite orthogneisses, tourmaline leucocratic orthogneisses and amphibole orthogneisses ranging from old to young, with respect to relative aging. Although there has been some problems originating from the definition of samples dated in previous studies, it is noted that radiometric data mainly show a consistency with this relative relationship (biotite orthogneiss: 550-570 Ma; tourmaline leucocratic orthogneiss: 541-547 Ma and amphibole orthogneiss: 531 Ma). These radiometric data indicate that different orthogneiss types in the Massif are differentiated products of the same Late Proterozoic - Early Cambrian acidic magmatic activity. When the paleogeographical position of the Massif in Early Cambrian and the close temporal relation of the metamorphic stage of cover series and the acidic magmatism are assessed with the geochemical character of orthogneisses, this widespread magmatic activity with an average age of about 550 Ma which is related to the Pan-African orogenesis can be attributed to proccesses of closure of the Mozambique Ocean, collision of East and West Gondwanaland, crustal thickening and partial melting of the lower crust. Triassic leucocratic orthogneisses constitutes the second effective acidic magmatic activity in the Menderes Masif with dimensions of 6-7 km. These plutonic leucocratic oithogneisses in 6-7 km dimensions are exposed in Ödemiş-Kiraz and Demirci-Gördes submassifs. They show well-preserved intrusive contact relationships with Late Proterozoic metaclastics of the Pan-African basement and with metasediments of Late Palaeozoic cover series. Geochemical data show that protoliths of leucocratic orthogneisses are in calc alkaline and S type in character. Based on single zircon Pb/Pb evaporation method, these were radiometrically dated as ranging from 227 to 246 Ma. These ages are interpreted as the age of emplacement of protoliths of orthogneisses in Middle Triassic. The existence of Early-Middle Triassic magmatic activity is widely known not only in the Massif but also at tectonical zones belonging to Anatolides, at Karaburun peninsula, in Cyclades and at inner Hellenides. When the regional character of Triassic magmatic activities is considered, it is suggested that there is a close genetical relationship between these leucocratic orthogneisses and Triassic magmatics. It is also considered that it can be attributed to the opening of Neothethys Ocean.
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Maden Tetkik ve Arama Dergisi-Cover
  • ISSN: 0026-4563
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 3 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 1950
  • Yayıncı: Cahit DÖNMEZ
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Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Menderes Masifi'ndeki Pan-Afrikan ve Triyas yaşlı metagranitoyidlerin jeolojisi ve jeokronolojisi, Batı Anadolu, Türkiye

Roland OBERHANSLI, Fukun CHEN, Muharrem SATIR, Cüneyt AKAL, O. Ersin KORALAY, O. Özcan DORA, Osman CANDAN