In the study area, two rock units crop out. The first of them is the Karakaya nappe, which is a tectonic unit. The second unit is the Pliocene cover rocks, which unconformably overlie the Karakaya nappe. In the investigated area, the Karakaya nappe is composed of different blocks floating in a litarenitic sandstone matrix. As a result of detailed litho- and bio-facies studies, one of these blocks is dated to be Visian-Serpukovian, the other to be Asselian-Sakmarian. Well-bedded and 150 meters thick succession observed in of these blocks is informally named as the Beytepe formation.