Eşref ATABEY, Nevbahar ATABEY, Haydar KARA

SEDIMENTOLOGY OF CALICHE (CALCRETE) OCCURRENCES OF THE KIRŞEHİR REGION

Study was conducted in the Kırşehir region. Carbonate occurrences within the upper Miocene-Pliocene deposits forming the subsidence basins surrounded by the Kırşehir massive, are described as caliche. These caliche deposits in the alluvial fan-meandering river and lacustrine environments are found in three different zones. In the measured, sections, conglomerate comprises the basement and is overlain by a transition zone made of sandy mudstone (Zone I). Above them is the rarely nodular carbonaceous zone with horizontal and vertical positions in the reddish mudstone-siltstone (Zone II). Finally, laminated caliche (calcrite) comprises the upper most part (Zone III). Carbonates in the basement, country rocks, and in the soil are dissolved in the acidic environment and become a solution saturated with calcium bicarbonate. This solution is transported to the sediments and capillary rises through the sediments during arid-semi arid seasons. Carbondioxide in the Ca and HCO3 - bearing solution is removed from the system and as a result, calcium carbonate nodules and laminated caliche are formed. These stromatolite-like laminated caliche occurrences show a criptoalgal structure under polarized microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM), and they contain microerosional surfaces and caliche pisolites that are formed by dissolution. Caliche occurrences are believed to be source of camotite, thorium, vanadium, sepiolite, huntite, dolomite, and magnesite

Keywords:

-,

PDF

___

Arakel, A.V., 1979, Genesis of calcrete in Quaternary soil profiles, Hutt and Leman Lagoons, Western Aust- ralia: J. Sed. Petrol., 52, 109-125.
and McConchie, D., 1982, Classification and gene- sis of calcrete and gypsite lithofacies in paleodra- inage systems of Inland Australia and their relati- onship to carnotite mineralization: J. Sed. Petrol., 52, 1149-1170.
Aristarain, L.F., 1970, Chemical analysis of caliche profi- les from the high plains, New Mexico: J. Geol., 78, 201-212.
Atabey, E.; Tarhan, N.; Akarsu, B. and Taşkıran, A., 1987a Şereflikoçhisar, Panlı (Ankara) - Acıpınar (Niğde) yöresinin jeolojisi MTA Rep.: 8155, (un- published), Ankara.
Atabey, E.; Tarhan, N.; Papak, I.; Akarsu, B. and Taşkı- ran, A., 1987b, Ortaköy-Tuzköy (Nevşehir) - Kesik- köprü (Kırşehir) yöresinin jeplojisi, MTA Rep.: 8156, (unpublished), Ankara.
, 1989a, 1:100000 ölçekli açınsama nitelikli Türkiye Jeoloji Haritaları Serisi, Aksaray-H18 paftası: MTA Bull.
, 1989b, 1:100000 ölçekli açınsama nitelikli Türkiye Jeoloji Haritaları Serisi, Aksaray-H17 paftası: MTA Bull.
Birgili, Ş.; Yoldaş, R. and Ünalan, G., 1975, Çankırı-Ço- rum havzasının jeolojisi ve petrol olanakları, MTA Rep.: 5621 (unpublished), Ankara.
Bretz, J.H. and Horberg, L, 1949, Caliche in southeastern New Mexico: J. Geol., 57, 492-511.
Brown, C.N., 1956, The origin of caliche on the northeas- tern Llano Estacada Texas, J. Geol., 64, 433-457.
Carlisle, D., 1983, Concentretion of uranium and vanadi- um in calcretes and gyperetes, In: Residual Depo- sits: Surface Related weathering processes and materials (Ed. by R.C.L. Wilson). Spec. Publ. Ge- ol. Soc. Lond. 11, 185-195.
Dunham, R.J., 1969b, Vadose pisolite in the Capitan reef (Permian), New Mexico and Texas, In: Depositi- onal Environments in Carbonate Rocks (Ed. By G.M. Friedman): Spec. Publ. Soc. Econ. Paleont. Miner., 14,182-190.
Erdoğan, B.; Akay, E. and Uğur, M.Ş., 1996, Geology of the Yozgat Region and Evolution of the Collisional Çankırı Basin: International Geology Review, 38, 788-806.
Esteban, M.C., 1976, Vadose pisolite and caliche: Amer. Assoc. Petrol Geol. Bull., 60, 2048-2057.
and Klappa, C.F., 1983, Subaerial exposure envi- ronments: Carbonate Depositional Environments (Eds. by P.A. Scholle, D. G. Bebout ve C. H. Mo- ore): AAPG. Mem.,33, 2-54.
Freytet, P. and Plaziat, I.C., 1982, Continental carbonate sedimentation and pedogenesis - Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary of southern France.: Contrib. Sediment., 12,213.
Goudie, A., 1972, The chemistry of world calcrete depo- sits: J. Geol., 80, 449-463.
Harrison, R.S. and Steinen, R.P., 1978, Subaerial crusts, caliche profiles, and breccia horizons: Comparison of some Holocene and Mississipian exposure sur- faces, Barbados and Kentucky: Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 89, 385-396.
Hay, R.L. and Reeder, R.J., 1978, Calcretes of Olduvai Gorge and the Ndolanya Beds of northern Tanza- nia: Sedimentology, 25, 649-673.
Hubert, J.F., 1978, Paleosol caliche in the New Haven Ar- köse, Newark Group, Connecticut: Palaeogeop- raphy, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 24, 151-168.
James, N.P., 1972, Holocene and Pleistocene calcareous crust (caliche) profiles: Criteria for subaerial expo- sure: J. Sed. Petrol., 42, 817-836."
Kahle, C.F., 1977, Origin of subaerial Holocene calcare- ous crusts: Role of algae, fungi, and sparmiccriti- zation: Sedimentology, 24, 413-435.
Kara, H. and Dönmez, M., 1990, 1:100000 ölçekli açınsa- ma nitelikli Türkiye Jeoloji Haritaları Serisi, Kırşe- hir-G17paftası:MTABull.
Ketin, I., 1982, Genel jeoloji: Yerbilimlerine giriş: Cilt 1,-İTÜ Maden Fak. yayını, 597s.
Klappa, C.F., 1980b, Rhizoliths in terrestrial carbonates; classification, recognition, genesis and significan- ce: Sedimentology, 27, 613-629.
Knox, G.J., 1977, Caliche profile formation, Saldanha Bay (South Africa): Sedimentology, 24, 657-674.
Land, L.S., 1970, Phreatic versus vadose diagenesis in li- mestone; evidence from a fossil water table: Sedi- mentology, 14, 175-185.
Leeder, M.R., 1975, Pedogenic carbonates and field sedi- ment rates: a quantitative model I for alluvial arid- zone lithofacies: Geol. Mag., 112, 257-270.
Mutter, H.G. and Hoffmeister, J.E., 1968, Subaerial lami- nated crusts of the Florida Keys: Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 79, 183-192.
Oktay, F.Y., 1981, Savcılı Büyükoba (Kaman) çevresinde Orta Anadolu masifi tortul örtüsünün jeolojisi ve sedimantolojisi: ITU Maden Fak. Doç. Tezi (un- published).
Platt, N.H., 1989, Climatic and tectonic controls on sedi- mentation of a Mesozoic lacustrine sequence: The Purbeck of the Western Cameros Basin, Northern Spain: Paleogeopraphy, Paleoclimatology, Paleo- ecolgy, 70,187-197.
Read, J.F., 1976, Calcretes and distinction from stromato- lites (ed. by M.R. Walter): Developments in Sedi- mentology, 20. Amsterdam, Elsevier Sci. Pub., 55- 71.
Reeves Jr.C.C., 1970, Origin, classification and geologic history of caliche on the southern high plains, Texas and Eastern New Mexico: J. of Geol., 78, 352-362.
Seminiuk, V. and Meagher, T.D., 1981, Calcrete in Qu- aternary coastal dunes in southwestern Australia: A capilary rise pheomenon associated with plants: J. Sed. Petrol., 51,47-68.
Steinen, R. P. and Mattews., 1973, Pheratic vs. vadose di- agenesis, stratigraphy and mineralogy of a cored borehole on Barbados, W.I.: J. Sed. Petrol., 43, 1012-1021.
Szalay, A., 1964, Cation exhange properties of humic asi- de and their importance in the geochemical enrich- ment of VO2 and other cations: Geoc. et Cosm. Acta., 28, 1605-1614.
Tucker, M.E., 1981, Sedimentary Petrology: an introducti- on, Blackwell Sci. 251p. Uygun, A., 1982, Tuzgölü havzasının jeolojisi: MTA Rep.: 7188 (unpublished), Ankara.
Walls, R.A.; Harris, W.B. and Nunan, W.E., 1975, Calca- reous crust (caliche) profiles and early subaerial exposure of Carboniferous carbonates, northeas- tern Kentucky: Sedimentology, 22, 417-440.
Wright, V.P.; Platt, N.H. and Wimbledon, W.A., 1988, Bio- genie laminar calcretes evidence of calcified root- mat horizons in paleosoils: Sedimentology, 35, 603-620.

ISSN: 0026-4563
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 3 Sayı
Başlangıç: 1950
Yayıncı: Cahit DÖNMEZ

Arşiv