TSK ve AB Reformlarını Yeniden Gözden Geçirmek: 1999-2005

Türk siyasi hayatında ordunun kuvvetli rolü Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kurulmasından beri Türk siyasal sisteminin önemli özelliklerinden birisidir. Silahlı Kuvvetler üç darbeye şahit olan çok partili dönemde Türk siyasi sisteminde önemli ayrıcalıklar elde etmiş ve otonomisini genişletmiş- tir. Bununla birlikte AB’nin 1999 Helsinki Zirvesi ordunun statüsünde paradigmatik bir değişiklik meydana getirerek güç dengesini siviller lehine değiştirmiştir. Bu makale Türk siyasetinde ordu- nun değişen rolüne katkı yapan gelişmelerin üzerinde durmaktadır. Bir dizi faktörün ordunun AB demokratikleşme reformlarına karşı izin veren bir tutum izlemesinde rolü olduğunu ileri sürmekte- dir. Bunlar Türkiye’nin AB aday ülke ilan edilmesinden sonra Türkiye’nin AB üyelik perspekti nin hız kazanması, AKP hükümetinin reformist ve uzlaşmacı tutumu, Genelkurmay Başkanı General Hilmi Özkök’ün Kemalizm’in liberal bir şeklini benimsemesi, siyasi sistemde ordunun vesayet ro- lünün korunması ve demokratikleşmeye uygun bir siyasi sistemin bulunmasıdır. 

Revisiting the Turkish Military and European Union Reforms: 1999-2005

The military’s omnipotent role in Turkish political life following the establishment of the Turkish Republic developed into one of the most significant characteristics of the Turkish political landscape. The armed forces gained significant privileges and strengthened their autonomy within the multi-party era, which saw three coups. However, the EU’s 1999 Helsinki Summit brought about a paradigmatic change in the status of the military, shifting the balance of power in favor of civilians. This piece throws light on the developments that contributed to changing the role of the military in Turkish politics, and details the many factors that contributed to its more receptive approach to the EU democratization reforms. These include the momentum gained in Turkey’s EU accession bid after its declaration as a candidate country in 1999, the AKP government’s reformist and conciliatory stance, Chief of Staff General Hilmi Özkök’s adoption of a more liberal version of Kemalism, the maintenance of the guardianship role of the military in the political system, and the emergence of a political environment that was conducive to democratization. 

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