Erdem SEVDİM

579

TERRORISM AS AN OFFENCE IN INTERNATIONAL AND EUROPEAN UNION LAW

Terörizm uluslararası toplumun uzun yıllar üzerinde düşündüğü ve çözüm bulmak için caba sarf ettiği uluslararası bir sorun olmuştur. Birleşmiş Milletler şemsiyesi altında birçok sözleşme ve kararlar bu alanda Kabul edilmiştir. Bölgesel seviyede, örneğin Avrupa Birliği gibi, sorunu ortadan kaldırmak veya azaltabilmek için tedbir alınmış ve alınmaktadır. Ayrıca bireysel anlamda ülkeler, Türkiye, Amerika ve İngiltere gibi, yoğun terör saldırılarına maruz kaldıklarından sorunu çözmek için ciddi mücadele etmektedirler. Gerek uluslararası ve bölgesel ve gerekse bireysel anlamda ülkeler terörle mücadelede ciddi tedbirler almalarına rağmen, ne yazık ki terör, hala yüzyılın en büyük sorunlarından biri olarak yerini korumaktadır. Teröre neden olan birçok sebepler bulunmaktadır. Fakirlik, halkların kendi geleceğini kendilerinin belirlemesi hakki, uluslararası hukukun ihlal edilmesi ve aşırı dini eğilimler terörizme yol açan nedenlerden bir kaçıdır. Terörizmle etkin bir şekilde mücadele edebilmek için ilk olarak uluslararası toplum, terörizme yol açan bu ve benzeri nedenleri tespit edip ortadan kaldırmak zorundadır. Bu anlamda, örneğin, fakirliğin teröre neden olduğu zeminlerde bu sorunu ortadan kaldırmak için çalışmalar yapılmalıdır. Terörün nedenleri tespit edildikten sonra kapsamlı, tutarlı ve herkesin üzerinde ittifak ettiği bir terör tanımının yapılması gerekmektedir. Herkes tarafından benimsenen ortak bir terör tanımının varlığı bu sorunla mücadeleye ciddi ivme kazandıracaktır. Ancak uluslararası toplum tarafından Kabul edilen sözleşme metinlerine bakıldığında ortak bir tanımın yokluğu dikkati çekmektedir. Bu durum uluslararası alanda terörle mücadelede tereddütler hâsıl etmektedir. Tüm bunların yanında, insan hakları, terörle mücadelede üzerinde durulması gereken bir başka konudur. Bazı ülkeler bu sorunla mücadele etmek için gerekli olan oranın ötesinde sert tedbirler almaktadırlar. Bu tur önlemler ayni zamanda insan hakları ihlallerinin meydana gelmesine neden olmaktadır. Bu çerçevede terörle mücadele ederken insan haklarına gerekli saygının gösterilmesi ve adil bir dengenin kurulması adaletin gereğidir. Bu hususa, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi tarafından verilen kararlarda da vurgu yapılmaktadır. Uluslararası hukuk ve Avrupa Birliği hukukunda terörizm başlıklı çalışmada konu ile ilgili olarak terörizmin sebepleri, tanımı ve gerek uluslararası alanda ve gerekse Avrupa Birliği çatısı altında alınan tedbirler ve son olarak terörizmle mücadelede insan haklarının gözetilmesi anlamında terörizm ve insan hakları konusu irdelenmeye çalışılmıştır.

Terrorism has become an international problem which international community has spent much effort to solve it and to reduce its effect on people. Under the umbrella of the United Nations, many conventions and resolutions have been adopted in international area. At regional level, European Union has taken a great deal of measures to handle this serious problem too. In addition, individual countries such as the United States and England etc., which have suffered intensively terrorist attacks, took strict measures to terminate this bloody trouble. Even though both at international or at regional level and individual countries have taken lots of measures, terrorism is still a big problem that must be tackled. There are many reasons for terrorism such as poverty, self -determination right, violation of international law and religious incentives. In order to combat terrorism effectively, firstly international community must terminate reasons for terrorism. For example, if poverty is a possible reason for terrorism, international communities should give assistance the relevant country both technically and financially to eliminate poverty. After being diagnosed reasons for terrorism, comprehensive, consistent and coherent definition of terrorism may give an enormous impetus in the way of struggling against terrorism. Looked at international conventions, we understand that there is no a concrete definition which is accepted commonly by countries, which give rise to hesitation and distrust between states. All above, human rights are the other issues upon which should be touched. Some states take so strict measures, which goes beyond necessity. These kinds of measures led to violation of human rights. Thus, the balance between combating against terrorism and human rights must be protected under decisions of the European Court of Human Rights. In this study, we tried to examine terrorism in terms of its reasons, definition of it, measures taken by international level and European community and human rights. We finished our study, evaluating international and European law concerning terrorism and measures adopted by them in the conclusion.
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Law and Justice Review-Cover
  • ISSN: 1309-9485
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 2 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 2010
  • Yayıncı: Türkiye Adalet Akademisi
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