Süleyman ÇALIŞLAR, Ahmet ŞAHİN, Beyhan YETER

Melatonin’in Kanatlı Hayvanlarda Önemi

Yoğun üretim uygulamaları, hatalı bakım ve besleme, uygun olmayan barındırma koşulları, yemlerde antibesinsel maddelerin bulunması ve buna benzer anormallikler kanatlı hayvanlarının hem hormon hem de enzim sistemlerinde düzensizliklere yol açmaktadır. Özellikle endokrin sistem ile ilgili anormallikler yüzünden spesifik bir hormon olan melatonin üretilemediğinden ya da yetersiz üretildiğinden organizmada metabolik ve fizyolojik fonksiyonlar olumsuz etkilenmektedir. Melatonin (ML), kanatlı hayvanlarda metabolik ve fizyolojik düzensizlikleri önleyen ancak dikkat çekmeyen önemli hormonlardan birisidir. ML, beynin biyolojik saatini ayarlar, solunum, dolaşım, boşaltım, üreme ve bağışıklık sistemi üzerinde etkili olur. ML, yem tüketimini, enerji metabolizmasını, vücut ısısını düzenler ve vücutta serbest radikallerin yok edilmesine yardım eder. ML, büyüme hormonu salgılanımını uyararak büyüme performansını olumlu etkiler. Kanatlı hayvanlarda metabolik-fizyolojik bozuklukların düzeltilmesini sağlayan ve hayvan refahına olumlu katkıda bulunan ML hormonu üzerine daha etkili şekilde odaklanmanın gerekli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu derlemede, melatonin’in tanıtımı, diğer hormonlarla interaktif ilişkileri, kanatlı hayvanlarının fizyolojik ve metabolik fonksiyonları üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir.

Importance of Melatonin on Poultry

Intensive production practices, faulty maintenance and feeding,unsuitable keeping conditions, antinutritional factors in feeds andsimilar abnormalities lead to irregularities in both hormone andenzyme systems in poultry. Especially, due to disorders in endocrinesystem, a specific hormone, melatonin, can not be produced orunderproduced, and thus its metabolic and physiological functions arenegatively affected in the organisms.Melatonin (ML) is one of the important hormones that preventmetabolic and physiological disorders in poultry but does not attractattention by poultry scientist. ML regulates the brain's biologicalclock, acts on respiration, circulation, excretion, reproduction andimmunity system. ML helps regulate feed consumption, energymetabolism and body heat. It also provides elimination of free radicalsin the body. ML stimulates growth hormone secretion and, thus,effects growth performance of poultry positively.It is considered necesary to focus more effectively on the melatoninhormone, which is a positive contribution to animal welfare bycorrecting metabolic-physiological disorders in poultry. In this review,the definition of melatonin, its interaction with other hormones, itseffect on the physiological and metabolic functions of poultry wereexamined.

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