Bülent LAZ, EMRE BABUR, Durdu Mehmet AKPINAR, YAŞAR ÖZYİĞİT

Kahramanmaraş-Elmalar Yeşil Kuşak Ek-3 Plantasyon Sahasında Görülen Biyotik ve Abiyotik Zararlıların Tespiti

Kahramanmaraş İlinde tehlikeli boyutlara ulaşan çevre ve havakirliliği problemlerini önlemenin yanında rekreatif amaçlı kentormanları tesisi de düşünülerek Kahramanmaraş Orman BölgeMüdürlüğü tarafından 2003-2004 yıllarında Yeşil kuşakAğaçlandırma Projesi kapsamında kentin çevresinde ağaçlandırmalaryapılmıştır. Bu ağaçlandırma çalışmalarından kent merkezine yakınolan 1675 ha lık sahada araştırmamız gerçekleştirilmiştir.Ağaçlandırma sahasında Pinus brutia, Pinus pinea, Cupressussempervirens, Prunus mahalep, Amygdalus sp, Pyrus elaegnifolia veyabancı orijinli Pinus brutia var. elderica türleri kullanılmıştır.Kullanılan türlerden yabancı orijinli Pinus brutia var. elderica daoldukça fazla miktarda form bozuklukları ve kurumalar olduğugözlemlenmiştir. Bu türde diğer türlere göre daha fazla böcek vemantar hastalık zararlıları tespit edilmiştir. Bu zararlı böceklerarasında Thaumetopha pityocampa-wilkinsoni (Lep.), Rhyacionabuoliana (Lep.), Ortotomicus erosus (Scolytidea, Col.), Hylurgusligniperda (Scolytidea, Col.), Hylurgus micklitzi (Scolytidea, Col.),Tomicus piniperda (Scolytidea, Col.),, Tomicus destruens (Scolytidea,Col.), Ips sexdentatus (Scolytidea, Col.), Leucaspis pusilla (CoccoideaHem.) gibi zararlı böceklerle, Melampsora piniturqua, Diplodea pineagibi mantar hastalıkları tespit edilmiştir. Ağaç türlerinin genelindekurumaların gözlemlenmesi sonucunda yetişme ortamıfaktörlerinden iklim, anakaya ve toprak özellikleri incelenmiştir.Verimsiz anakaya ve toprak koşullarının olumsuz iklim koşulları ilebirleşmesi sonucunda bu alandaki yetişme ortamı koşullarına uyumsağlayamayan ağaçların zayıf düştüğü ve sonunda kurumalarıngörüldüğü tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada ileride yapılacakağaçlandırmalarda sekonder zararlılar olan kabuk böceği ve mantarzararlarının en aza indirilmesi için yetişme ortamı faktörlerinin degöz önünde bulundurularak uygun türlerin seçimi ekolojik veekonomik açıdan oldukça önemli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Determination of Biotic and Abiotic Plant Diseases in Green Belt Afforestation of KahramanmaraşElmalar

The afforestation was carried out around the city in order to prevent hazardous environmental and air pollution problems and with the purpose of recreational urban forests facility for public health in Green Belt Afforestation Project in 2003-2004 supported by Kahramanmaras Regional Directorate of Forestry. Our study was performed in one of the Green Belt Afforestation Fields (1675 ha.) area near the city center. In the study Pinus brutia, Pinus pinea, Cupressus sempervirens, Prunus mahalep, Amygdalus sp, Pyrus elaegnifolia and the alien origin Pinus brutia var. elderica plant species were used. A large quantity of disorders and dryness in the alien origin (Pinus brutia var. Elderica) were observed during the study. Greater number of insect and fungal diseases were detected on this species than others. The insects including Thaumetopha pityocampa-wilkinsoni (Lep.), Rhyaciona buoliana (Lep.), Ortotomicus erosus (Scolytidea, Col.), Hylurgus ligniperda (Scolytidea, Col.), Hylurgus micklitzi (Scolytidea, Col.), Tomicus piniperda (Scolytidea, Col.), Tomicus destruens (Scolytidea, Col.), Ips sexdentatus (Scolytidea, Col.), Leucaspis pusilla (Coccoidea-Hem.) and some fungal diseases such as Melampsora piniturqua, Diplodea pinea were detected. As a result of observing the form disorder within the whole tree species, some factors such as climate, bedrock and soil characteristics were examined. As a result of the combination of inefficient bedrock and soil conditions with adverse climatic conditions, it has been determined that trees that cannot be well adapted to the conditions of the site were weakened and finally dried. Consequently, the selection of the suitable species is very important in terms of ecological and economic aspects considering the site factors in order to minimize the diseases of insect and fungi in the future afforestation.

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