___

• 1. Chandrashekhar Y, Westaby S, Narula J. Mitral stenosis. Lancet 2009;374(9697):1271-83.
• 2. Chugh SS, Blackshear JL, Shen WK, Hammill SC, Gersh BJ. Epidemiology and natural history of atrial fibrillation: Clinical implications. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37(2):371-8.
• 3. Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP 3rd, Gentile F, et al. 2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: Executive summary: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on clinical practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021;77(4):450-500.
• 4. Josephson ME, Kastor JA, Morganroth J. Electrocardiographic left atrial enlargement. Electrophysiologic, echocardiographic and hemodynamic correlates. Am J Cardiol 1977;39(7):967-71.
• 5. Kim HJ, Cho GY, Kim YJ, Kim HK, Lee SP, Kim HL, et al. Development of atrial fibrillation in patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease in sinus rhythm. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015;31(4):735-42.
• 6. Krishnamoorthy KM, Dash PK. Prediction of atrial fibrillation in patients with severe mitral stenosis-role of atrial contribution to ventricular filling. Scand Cardiovasc J 2003;37(6):344-8.
• 7. Ozaydin M, Turker Y, Varol E, Alaca S, Erdogan D, Yilmaz N, et al. Factors associated with the development of atrial fibrillation in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2010;26(5):547-52.
• 8. Karabay CY, Zehir R, Güler A, Oduncu V, Kalayci A, Aung SM, et al. Left atrial deformation parameters predict left atrial appendage function and thrombus in patients in sinus rhythm with suspected cardioembolic stroke: A speckle tracking and transesophageal echocardiography study. Echocardiography 2013;30(5):572-81.
• 9. Okamatsu K, Takeuchi M, Nakai H, Nishikage T, Salgo IS, Husson S, et al. Effects of aging on left atrial function assessed by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2009;22(1):70-5.
• 10. Vianna-Pinton R, Moreno CA, Baxter CM, Lee KS, Tsang TSM, Appleton CP. Two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography of the left atrium: Feasibility and regional contraction and relaxation differences in normal subjects. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2009;22(3):299-305.
• 11. Saraiva RM, Demirkol S, Buakhamsri A, Greenberg N, Popović ZB, Thomas JD, et al. Left atrial strain measured by two-dimensional speckle tracking represents a new tool to evaluate left atrial function. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2010;23(2):172-80.
• 12. Candan O, Gecmen C, Kahyaoğlu M, Şimsek Z, Çelik M, Uslu A, et al. Clinical utility of left atrial asynchrony and mechanical function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Acta Cardiol Sin 2022;38(2):141-50.
• 13. Shang Z, Su D, Cong T, Sun Y, Liu Y, Chen N, et al. Assessment of left atrial mechanical function and synchrony in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation with two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography. Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, NY). 2017;34(2):176-83.
• 14. Kawakami H, Ramkumar S, Nolan M, Wright L, Yang H, Negishi K, et al. Left atrial mechanical dispersion assessed by strain echocardiography as an independent predictor of new-onset atrial fibrillation: A case-control study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2019;32(10):1268-76.e3.
• 15. Sarvari SI, Haugaa KH, Stokke TM, Ansari HZ, Leren IS, Hegbom F, et al. Strain echocardiographic assessment of left atrial function predicts recurrence of atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016;17(6):660-7. 16. Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, Arbelo E, Bax JJ, Blomström-Lundqvist C, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J 2021;42(5):373-498.
• 17. Baumgartner H, Hung J, Bermejo J, Chambers JB, Evangelista A, Griffin BP, et al. Echocardiographic assessment of valve stenosis: EAE/ASE recommendations for clinical practice. Eur J Echocardiogr 2009;10(1):1-25.
• 18. Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, Afilalo J, Armstrong A, Ernande L, et al. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: An update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015;16(3):233-70. 19. Schabelman S, Schiller NB, Silverman NH, Ports TA. Left atrial volume estimation by two-dimensional echocardiography. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 1981;7(2):165-78.
• 20. Pepi M, Tamborini G, Galli C, Barbier P, Doria E, Berti M, et al. A new formula for echo-Doppler estimation of right ventricular systolic pressure. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1994;7(1):20-6.
• 21. Jaïs P, Peng JT, Shah DC, Garrigue S, Hocini M, Yamane T, et al. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with so-called lone atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2000;11(6):623-5.
• 22. Satoh T, Zipes DP. Unequal atrial stretch in dogs increases dispersion of refractoriness conducive to developing atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1996;7(9):833-42.
• 23. Cameli M, Lisi M, Reccia R, Bennati E, Malandrino A, Solari M, et al. Pre-operative left atrial strain predicts post-operative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2014;30(2):279-86.
• 24. Pham TD, Fenoglio JJJ. Right atrial ultrastructural in chronic rheumatic heart disease. Int J Cardiol 1982;1(3-4):289-304.
• 25. Verdejo HE, Becerra E, Zalaquet R, Del Campo A, Garcia L, Troncoso R, et al. Atrial function assessed by speckle tracking echocardiography is a good predictor of postoperative atrial fibrillation in elderly patients. Echocardiography 2016;33(2):242-8.
• 26. Pourafkari L, Ghaffari S, Bancroft GR, Tajlil A, Nader ND. Factors associated with atrial fibrillation in rheumatic mitral stenosis. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2015;23(1):17-23.
• 27. Ancona R, Comenale Pinto S, Caso P, Di Salvo G, Severino S, D’Andrea A, et al. Two-dimensional atrial systolic strain imaging predicts atrial fibrillation at 4-year follow-up in asymptomatic rheumatic mitral stenosis. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2013;26(3):270-7.
• 28. Kawakami H, Ramkumar S, Nolan M, Wright L, Yang H, Negishi K, et al. Left atrial mechanical dispersion assessed by strain echocardiography as an independent predictor of new-onset atrial fibrillation: A case-control study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2019;32(10):1268-76.e3.
• 29. Degiovanni A, Bortnik M, Dell’Era G, Bolzani V, Occhetta E, Bellomo G, et al. Analysis of electrical and mechanical left atrial properties in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013;29(1):71- 8.
• 30. Kupczynska K, Michalski BW, Miskowiec D, Kasprzak JD, Szymczyk E, Wejner-Mik P, et al. Incremental value of left atrial mechanical dispersion over CHA2DS2-VASc score in predicting risk of thrombus formation. Echocardiography 2018;35(5):651-60.
• 31. Vahanian A, Beyersdorf F, Praz F, Milojevic M, Baldus S, Bauersachs J, et al. 2021 ESC/EACTS guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J 2022;43(7):561-632.