SÜREKSİZLİK YÜZEY PÜRÜZLÜLÜĞÜNÜ SAYISALLAŞTIRMAK İÇİN YENİ BİR ÜÇ BOYUTLU TARAMA CİHAZI
Bu çalışmada kaya kütlesinde bulunan süreksizliklere ait pürüzlülüklerin sayısallaştırılması için yeni bir üç boyutlu tarayıcı cihaz geliştirilmiştir. Cihazın çalışma prensibi, taranacak yüzeye dikey olarak çizgi lazer yansıtılması ve farklı bir açıdan görüntü alınarak, direk lineer transformasyon yöntemiyle profilin elde edilmesi esasına dayanmaktadır. Sistem üç ana parçadan, mekanik, elektronik ve yazılımdan oluşmaktadır. Mekanik kısım, üzerinde çizgi lazer ve kamera bulunan bir taşıyıcı ve bu taşıyıcının üzerinde hareket edebildiği kızak sisteminden oluşmaktadır. Kızak üzerinde taşıyıcının hareketini sağlayan sonsuz mil ve buna hareketi veren bir adım motor vardır. Elektronik kart, yazılımdan gelen komutlara göre, adım motoru ve lazeri idare etmektedir. Yazılım aracılığıyla kamera kalibrasyonu, tarama, görüntü iyileştirme, lazer çizgisinin tespiti ve direkt lineer transformasyon ile üç boyutlu yüzeyin elde edilmesi işlemleri gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu cihaz kullanılarak, temassız olarak, istenilen yüzeyin üç boyutlu topoğrafyası elde edilerek, analiz için gerekli veriler elde edilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Kaya kütlesi, Süreksizlik, Pürüzlülük, Üç boyutlu tarayıcı
A New 3D Scanner for Digitizing Discontinuity Surface Roughness
In this study, a new 3-dimensional scanner is developed to digitize the roughness of the discontinuity surfaces of rock mass. The device uses a camera and a laser which projects a line on the surface with right angle. The camera is placed diagonally to the surface so the profile of the surface can be recorded and can be digitized by direct linear transformation algorithm. The system consists of three main parts: hardware, electronic card and software. In the mechanical setup, the laser and the camera are scrolled along a rail by a worm gear which is driven by a step motor. Electronic card controls the laser and the step motor according to the commands from the software. Camera calibration, scanning, image analysis, detection of the laser stripe and direct linear transformation calculations are made by using the developed software. By using this device, a 3D topography of the surface can be obtained. With this data the roughness can be analyzed.
Keywords:
Rock mass, Discontinuity, Roughness, 3DScanner,
___
- Barton, N., Choubey, V., 1977, “The Shear Strength Of Rock Joints In Theory And Practice”, Rock mechanics, Cilt 10, Sayı 1-2, sayfa 1-54.
- Chae, B. G., Ichikawa, Y., Jeong, G. C., Seo, Y. S. and Kim, B. C., 2004, “Roughness Measurement of Rock Discontinuities Using a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope and the Fourier Spectral Analysis”, Engineering Geology, 72, 3-4, 181-199.
- Chen, R. H., Lee, C. W. and Chen, C. S., 2001, “Evaluation of Transport of Radioactive Contaminant in Fractured Rock”, Environmental Geology, 41, 3-4, 440-450.
- Develi, K., Babadagli, T. and Comlekci, C., 2001, “A New Computer-Controlled Surface-Scanning Device for Measurement of Fracture Surface Roughness”, Computers & Geosciences, 27, 3, 265-277.
- Fardin, N., Feng, Q. and Stephansson, O., 2004, “Application of a New in Situ 3d Laser Scanner to Study the Scale Effect on the Rock Joint Surface Roughness”, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 41, 2, 329-335.
- Fecker, E., Rengers, N., “Measurements of large scale roughness of rock planes by means of profilograph and geological compass”, Proceedings Symposium Rock Fracture, Nancy, 1-18, 1971.
- Feng, Q., Fardin, N., Jing, L. and Stephansson, O., 2003, “A New Method for in-Situ Non-Contact Roughness Measurement of Large Rock Fracture Surfaces”, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 36, 1, 3-25.
- Goodman, R. E., 1993, Engineering Geology : Rock in Engineering Construction, J. Wiley, New York ; Chichester.
- Grasselli, G., 2006, “Manuel Rocha Medal Recipient - Shear Strength of Rock Joints Based on Quantified Surface Description”, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 39, 4, 295-314.
- Grasselli, G. and Egger, P., 2003, “Constitutive Law for the Shear Strength of Rock Joints Based on ThreeDimensional Surface Parameters”, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 40, 1, 25-40.
- Grasselli, G., Wirth, J. and Egger, P., 2002, “Quantitative Three-Dimensional Description of a Rough Surface and Parameter Evolution with Shearing”, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 39, 6, 789800.
- Hamdi, E. and du Mouza, J., 2005, “A Methodology for Rock Mass Characterisation and Classification to Improve Blast Results”, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 42, 2, 177-194.
- Johansson, F., 2009, Shear Strength of Unfilled and Rough Rock Joints in Sliding Stability Analyses of Concrete Dams, Doktora Tezi, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm.
- Kwon, Y.H., Camera Calibration, http://www.kwon3d.com/theory/calib.html, Ziyaret tarihi: 20.12.2013. ISRM, 1981, Rock Characterization Testing & Monitoring : Isrm Suggested Methods, Published for the Commission on Testing Methods, International Society for Rock Mechanics by Pergamon, Oxford.
- Lanaro, F., 2000, “A Random Field Model for Surface Roughness and Aperture of Rock Fractures”, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 37, 8, 1195-1210.
- Liu, J., Brady, B. H., 1999, “Evaluation of in Situ Leaching Processes: Dual-Porosity Model”, Min. Res. Eng., sayfa 205.
- Maerz, N. H. and Germain, P., 1996, “Block Size Determination around Underground Openings Using Simulations”, Measurement of Blast Fragmentation, 215-223.
- Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, Step Ve Servo Motorlar, Elektrik- Elektronik Teknolojisi, Ankara, 2011.
- Ming, M. A., Hong-jie, L. I., Lei, H.E., 2013, “3D Fracture Network And Block Analysis Of The South End-Slope Of Antaibao Coal Mine”, Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vols. 353-356, sayfa 11651170.
- Önsel, İ.E., Nasuf, E., “Modeling of the Discontinuities in the Natural Stone Quarries”, APCOM, 2007.
- Park, B. Y., Kim, K. S., Kwon, S., Kim, C., Bae, D. S., Hartley, L. J. and Lee, H. K., 2002, “Determination of the Hydraulic Conductivity Components Using a Three-Dimensional Fracture Network Model in Volcanic Rock”, Engineering Geology, 66, 1-2, 127-141.
- Sen, Z., 2000, “Rock Quality Designation Model Formulation and Simulation for Correlated Fracture Intact Lengths”, Mathematical Geology, 32, 8, 985-999.
- Sen, Z. and Kazi, A., 1984, “Discontinuity Spacing and Rqd Estimates from Finite Length Scanlines”, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 21, 4, 203-212.
- Tatone, B. S. A. and Grasselli, G., 2009, “A Method to Evaluate the Three-Dimensional Roughness of Fracture Surfaces in Brittle Geomaterials”, Review of Scientific Instruments, 80, 12.
- Tsai, R.Y.; Lenz, R.K., "Real Time Versatile Robotics Hand/Eye Calibration Using 3D Machine Vision" 1988 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, cilt 1, sayfa.554-561, 24-29 Apr 1988.
- Um, J., 1997, Accurate Quantification of Rock Joint Roughness and Development of a new Peak Shear Strength Criterion for Joints, Doktora Tezi, The University of Arizona.
- Wang, L. G., Yamashita, S., Sugimoto, F., Pan, C. and Tan, G., 2003, “A Methodology for Predicting the in Situ Size and Shape Distribution of Rock Blocks”, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 36, 2, 121-142.
- Zhou, H. W. and Xie, H., 2004, “Anisotropic Characterization of Rock Fracture Surfaces Subjected to Profile Analysis”, Physics Letters A, 325, 5-6, 355-362.
- Yayıncı: Konya Teknik Üniversitesi
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler
FORMİK ASİDİN ALAMINE-336 VE ÇEŞİTLİ ÇÖZÜCÜLERLE TEPKİMELİ ÖZÜTLENMESİ
Mustafa Esen MARTI, Kamil OFLAZ
SÜREKSİZLİK YÜZEY PÜRÜZLÜLÜĞÜNÜ SAYISALLAŞTIRMAK İÇİN YENİ BİR ÜÇ BOYUTLU TARAMA CİHAZI
Biyouyumlu Hidrojeller: Sentezi ve Jelleşme Üzerinde Çözücü Etkisi
Mehmet ULAŞAN, Yunus ÇENGELOĞLU, Mustafa Selman YAVUZ
BAĞIL GÜVEN ELİPSLERİ YÖNTEMİYLE DEFORMASYON ANALİZİ: ERMENEK BARAJI ÖRNEĞİ
BALİSTİK ÇARPMA ETKİSİNİN SONLU ELEMANLAR YÖNTEMİYLE İNCELENMESİ