Bilgehan NAS, Taylan DOLU, Havva ATEŞ, M.emin ARGUN, Esra YEL

Atık Sularda Mikrokirletici Giderimi İçin Alternatif Arıtımlar

Mikro kirleticilerin sucul ortamlarda bulunması hem canlılar hem de çevre için endişe verici birçevre sorunu haline gelmiştir. Hızla ortaya çıkan/gelişen kirleticiler olarak da adlandırılan mikrokirleticiler doğal maddelerden ve giderek artan çeşitli antropojenik olaylardan meydana gelmektedir.Mikrokirleticiler farmasötikler, kişisel bakım ürünleri, steroid hormonlar, endüstriyel kimyasallar,pestisitler, poliaromatik hidrokarbonlar ve son zamanlarda görülen diğer bileşiklerden oluşmaktadır. Bukirleticiler farklı su kaynaklarında genellikle birkaç ng /L ile μg/ L arasında değişen çok düşük konsantrasyonlarda bulunmaktadır. Dünyadaki mevcut birçok Atıksu Arıtma Tesisi (AAT) özelliklemikro kirleticileri gidermek için tasarlanmamıştır. Mikro kirleticilerin düşük konsantrasyondabulunmaları ve çok çeşitli olmaları arıtma prosesleri boyunca belirleme ve analiz prosedürlerinizorlaştırmaktadır. Ayrıca, mikro kirleticilerin AAT’lerine sürekli olarak gelmeleri ve birçok mikrokirleticinin kararlı yapıya sahip olması bu kirleticilerin yeteri kadar giderilmesini zorlaştırmaktadır. Busebeple, mikro kirleticilerin birçoğu bilinmeyen konsantrasyonları ile beraber AAT’lerinden suculçevrelere geçmektedir. Sucul ortamlarda ciddi seviyelerde mikro kirletici oluşumları kısa vadeli ve uzunvadeli toksisiteyi de içeren endokrin bozucu etkiler gibi bir dizi olumsuz etkiler ile beraber suculekosistemleri bozmaktadır. Olumsuz etkileri bilinen mikro kirleticilerin yanı sıra canlı organizmalarüzerindeki etkileri hala bilinmeyen çok sayıda mikro kirletici de vardır. Sonuç olarak bu kirleticileringiderimi, hem çevresel ekosistemlerin hem de insan sağlığının korunması için büyük bir önemtaşımaktadır. Mikro kirleticilerin gideriminde klasik yöntemlerin yetersiz olduğu göz önündebulundurulursa daha iyi giderim verimleri için koagülasyon – flokülasyon, aktif karbon adsorpsiyonu(toz aktif karbon ve granül aktif karbon), ileri oksidasyon prosesleri (İOP), membran prosesleri vemembran biyoreaktörü içeren diğer alternatif arıtma yöntemleri uygulanabilir.Bu çalışmada; alternatif arıtma yöntemleri ve her bir arıtma yönteminin farklı mikro kirleticilerüzerindeki giderim verimleri araştırılarak, bütün alternatif arıtım yöntemleri mikro kirletici giderimverimleri bakımından birbirleri ile kıyaslanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Atık su, Atıksu arıtma tesisleri, Giderim verimi

TREATMENT ALTERNATIVES FOR MICROPOLLUTANT REMOVAL IN WASTEWATER

Present of micropollutants in aquatic environments has become an alarmingenvironmental problem for both living creatures and environment. Micropollutants, also called asemerging contaminants arise from natural substances and increasing variety of anthropogenic events.Micropollutants consist of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, steroid hormones, industrialchemicals, pesticides, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and other recently seen compounds. These emergingcontaminants are commonly found in very low concentration in different water bodies ranging from afew ng/l to several μg/l.Many existing Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) in all over the world are not especially designedfor removing micropollutants. Low concentration and diversity of micropollutants complicate thededection and analysis procedures during the treatment processes. Furthermore, enteringmicropollutants to the WWTPs continuously and stable structure of many micropollutants makedifficult to eliminate these emerging compounds sufficiently. Therefore, many micropollutants ofunknown concentration pass to aquatic environment from WWTPs. The occurence of micropollutantswith a significant levels in aquatic environments disrupt the aquatic ecosystems with a number ofadverse effects including short-term and long-term toxicity such as endocrine disrupting effects. Besidesthe known negative effects of micropollutants there are great number of micropollutants whose effectson living organisms are still unknown. As a result, removing these compounds is of a great importanceboth to protect environmental ecosystem and human health. Considering that the conventional methodsare insufficient for removing the micropollutants other alternative treatment methods includingcoagulation–flocculation, activated carbon adsorption (powdered activated carbon and granularactivated carbon), advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), membrane processes and membrane bioreactorcan be applied for better removal.In this study, alternative treatments methods and removal efficiencies of each treatment methods ondifferent micropollutants were investigated and all alternative treatment methods were comparedbetween each other in terms of micropollutant removal rates.

Keywords:

Micropollutants, Removal efficiency, Wastewater,

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