Pestisit-Kaynaklı Genotoksisitenin Soya Fasulyesinde (Glycine max L.) Belirlenmesi

Pestisitler, tarımsal alanlarda yaygın olarak kullanılırken bitkilerde yan etkilere neden olmaktadır ve tükettiğimiz ürünlere de taşınabilmektedir. Genotoksik kimyasal maddeler çevreye yayılmaktadır ve Glycine max gibi yüksek yapılı bitkiler, kimyasal çevre kirleticilerinin genotoksik etkilerini gösteren indikatör bitkiler olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, mevcut çalışmada ilk kez üç farklı pestisitin (fungusit olarak Pomarsol Forte WP 80, insektisit olarak Arrivo 25 EC ve herbisit olarak The End EC) potansiyel genotoksik etkisi soya fasulyesi (Glycine max L.) üzerinde araştırılmıştır. G. max üzerindeki genotoksik etkiyi belirlemek için ortalama etkili konsantrasyon (median EC), RAPD-PCR (rastgele amplifiye polimorfik DNA-polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu) ve protein analizleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar bir herbisit olarak The END pestisitinin diğerlerine göre G. max kök büyümesi üzerinde daha fazla inhibe edici etkisi olduğu saptanmıştır. 20 RAPD primeri kullanılmış; bunlardan 18 primer stabil sonuç verirken, 11 tanesi polimorfik ve 7 tanesi benzer bant profili göstermiştir. Polimorfizm yüzdesi, % 20 olarak bulunmuştur. Toplam protein içeriği insektisit muamelesi ile kontrol grubuna göre belirgin şekilde azalırken, herbisit muamelesi sonrası anlamlı olarak artmıştır (p <0.05). Sonuç olarak elde edilen veriler bu pestisitlerin G. max üzerinde belirgin genotoksik etkilerinin olduğunu ve bu kimyasallara karşı insan ve çevresel maruziyetin atmasından dolayı kullanımdan kaçınılması gerektiğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

cypermethrin, quizalofop-p-ethyl, RAPD-PCR, SDS-PAGE, thiram

Determination of Pesticide-Induced Genotoxicity on Soybean (Glycine max L.)

Pesticides are used in agriculture and cause side effects in plants and can be transported to products which we consume. Genotoxic chemical substances distributed to environment and higher plants such as Glycine max have been used as an indicator plants that show the genotoxic effects of environmental chemical pollutants. In this respect we investigated the potential genotoxic effect of three different pesticides (Pomarsol Forte WP 80 as a fungucide, Arrivo 25 EC as an insecticide, and The End EC as an herbicide) on G. max (Glycine max L.) for the first time. In order to determine the genotoxic effects of these pesticides on G max. Median EC (effective concentration) determination analysis, RAPD-PCR (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction) assay and protein analysis were used. Our results indicated that The End as a herbicide had more inhibitory effects on G. max root growth compare to the other pesticides. 20 RAPD primers were used, eighteen primers gave stable results while 11 of them were polymorphic and 7 of them showed the same band profile. Percentage of polymorphism was found as 20%. Total protein content was significantly decreased by insecticide treatment but increased in herbicide treatment (p<0.05). In conclusion these results suggest that these pesticides have genotoxic effects on G. max and the use of these chemicals must be reduced to avoid exposure to humans and the environment.

Keywords:

cypermethrin, quizalofop-p-ethyl, RAPD-PCR, SDS-PAGE, thiram,

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