Yehia ALHBOU, Birkan KARSLI, Tuğçe SÜMER

Ratlarda Erken Dönem Yara İyileşmesinde Etakridin Laktat ve Hipokloröz Asit Etkinliğinin Karşılaştırılması

Bu çalışmanın amacı, etakridin laktat ve hipokloröz asidin ratlarda yara iyileşmesi üzerine etkilerinin klinik ve histopatolojik olarak karşılaştırılmasıdır. Ratlar 3 gruba ayrıldı; grup 1; kontrol grubu, grup 2; hipokloröz asid (HOCL) grubu, grup 3; etakridin laktat (EL) grubu. Her grupta 7 hayvan bulunmaktaydı. Anestezi altında, dorsal interskapular bölge derisinden 20 mm çapında tam katman deri rezeksiyonu yapıldı. Yara genişlikleri postoperatif 3., 7. ve 14. günlerde milimetrik kağıtlarla ölçüldü. Ondördüncü gün sonunda ratlar derin anestezi altında sakrifiye edildi ve yara bölgesi rezeksiyonu yapılarak histopatolojik muayene için gönderildi. Makroskopik yara muayenesinde, 14 gün sonunda HOCL grubundaki yaraların kabuk oluşmadan kapandığı, bazı yaralarda ise sadece bir skar çizgisi olduğu görüldü. Histopatolojik incelemelerde, HOCL grubu yaralarında düşük yangı hücresi, yoğun fibroblast varlığı ve düşük SOD ve GPx immunoreaktivitesi tespit edildi (P<0.05). Sonuç olarak, HOCL ile tedavi edilen hayvanlarda EL ve kontrol grubuna göre makroskopik ve histopatolojik olarak yara iyileşmesinin daha hızlı gerçekleştiği görüldü.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Etakridin laktat, hipokloröz asid, histopatoloji, sıçan, yara iyileşmesi

Comparision of The Efficiency of Ethacridine Lactate and Hypochlorous Acid During the Early Period of Wound Healing in Rats

The aim of this study is to compare the effects of ethacridine lactate and hypochlorous acid on wound healing in rats through clinical and histopathological studies. The rats were divided into three groups; group 1; control group, group 2; hypochlorous acid (HOCL) group, group 3; ethacridine lactate (EL) group. Each group contained seven animals. Under anesthesia, a 20 mm long full layer skin resection was performed from dorsal interscapular region. Wound sizes were measured with millimetric paper on the 3rd, 7th and 14th day postoperatively. At the end of the 14th day, the animals were sacrificed under deep anesthesia and extensive skin resection of the wound area was performed and sent for histopathological examination. Macroscopic examination of wounds revealed that the wound was completely closed without any crust formation in the HOCL group, and also there was only a scar left in some animals of the HOCL group at the end of 14th day. Mild inflammatory cell, intense fibroblast activity and the lowest SOD and GPx immunoreactivity were found in the HOCL group compared to the other two groups (P<0.05). Consequently, it was observed that macroscopically and histopathologically, the wound healing was faster in animals treated with HOCL compared to those who were in the EL and the control group.

Keywords:

Ethacridine lactate, histopatology, hypochlorous acid, rat, wound healing,

PDF

___

Abramov Y, Golden B, Sullivan M, Botros SM, Miller JJ, Alshahrour A, Goldberg RP, Sand PK (2007) Histologic characterization of vaginal vs. Abdominal surgical wound healing in a rabbit model. Wound Repair Regen. 2007;15(1):80-86.
Apaydin B, Gedikli S. Wound healing effects of Nigella sativa L. essential oil in streptozotocin induced in diabetic rats. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2019;7(3):30-40.
Aratani Y. Role of myeloperoxidase in the host defense against fungal infection. Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi. 2006;47(3):195-199.
Armstrong LC, Bornstein P. Thrombospondins 1 and 2 function as inhibitors of angiogenesis. Matrix Biology. 2003;22(1):63-71.
Bongiovanni CM. Nonsurgical management of chronic wounds in patients with diabetes. J VascUltrasound. 2006;30(4):215-218.
Bucko AD, Draelos Z, Dubois JC, Jones TM. A double-blind, randomized study to compare Microcynscar management hydrogel, K103163, and Kelo-cotescar gel for hypertrophi corkeloidscars. Topical Gel for hypertrophic and keloidscars. Dermatologist. 2015;23(9):113-122.
Chai TY, Kim WB. Bactericidal Effect of Disinfectant a Super-oxidized Water, Medilox. Korean J Nosocomial Infect Control. 1998;3(1):1-6.
Dale HE. Recent Development in Wound Antiseptics. Post Graduate Medical Journal. 1946; 22(246):118-121.
Gauglitz GG, Korting HC, Pavicic T, Ruzicka T, Jeschke MG. Hypertrophicsc arringand keloids: pathomechanisms and current and emerging treatment strategies. Molecular medicine. 2011;17(1-2):113-125.
Gethin GT, Cowman S, Conroy RM. The impact of Manuka honey dressings on the surface pH of chronic wounds. International Wound Journal. 2008;5(2):185-194.
Gold MH, Andriessen A, Dayan SH. et al. Hypochlorous acid gel technology—its impact on post procedure treatment and scar prevention. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2017; 16(2):162–167.
Gottru F, Agren MS, Karlsmark T. Models for use in wound healing research: a survey focusing on in vitro and in vivo adult soft tissue. Wound Repair Regen. 2000;8(2):83–96.
Guthrie KM, Agarwal A, Tackes DS, Johnson KW, Abbott NL, Murphy CJ, Mcanulty JF. Antibacterial efficacy of silver-impregnated polyelectrolyt emultilay ersimmobilized on a biological dressing in a murine wound infection model. Annals of surgery. 2012;256(2): 371-377.
Hynes RO. The extracellular matrix: not just pretty fibrils. Science. 2009;326(5957):1216-1219.
Jobin C, Sartor RB. The IκB/NF-κB system: a key d eterminant of mucosal inflammation and protection. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2000;278(3):451-462.
Kramer SA. Effect of povidone-iodine on woundhealing: a review. Journal of VascularNursing. 1999;17(1): 17-23.
Kurahashi T, Fujii J. Roles of Antioxidative Enzymes in Wound Healing. J. Dev. Biol. 2015;3(2):57-70.
Leaper D, Ayello EA, Carville K, Fletcher J, Keast D, Lindholm C, Martinez JLL, Mavanini SD, Mcbain A, Moore Z, Opasanon S, Pina E. Appropriate use of silver dressings in wounds. Ed; MacGregor L. International Consensus Document. Wounds international, London, 2012; pp. 1-24.
Marcinkiewicz J, Chain B, Nowak B, Grabowska A, Bryniarski K, Baran J. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of hypochlorous acid: interactions with taurine and nitrite. Inflamm Res. 2000;49(6):280-289.
Mckenna SM, Davies KJA. The inhibition of bacterial growth by hypochlorousacid. Possible role in the bactericidal activity of phagocytes. BiochemicalJournal. 1998;254(3), 685-692.
Monaco JL, Lawrence WT. Acute wound healing: an overview. Clinics in plastic surgery. 2003;30(1):1-12.
Morris JC. The acidionization constant of HOCL from 5 to3.5. The Journal of PhysicalChemistry. 1966;70(12): 3798–3805.
Na J, Lee K, Na W, Shin JY, Lee MJ, Yune TY, Lee HK, Jung HS, Kim WS, Ju BG. Histone H3K27 demethylase JMJD3 in cooperation with NF-κB regulates keratinocyte wound healing. J Invest Dermatol. 2016;136(4):847-858.
Nagoba B, Davane M, Gandhi R, Wadher B, Suryawanshi N, Selkar S. Treatment of skin and soft tissue infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa a review of our experiences with citricaci over the past 20 years. WoundMedicine. 2017;19:5-9.
O’meara SM, Cullum NA, Majid M, Sheldon TA. Systematic review of antimicrobial agents used for chronic wounds. Br J Surg. 2001;88(1):4–21.
Percival SL , Mccarty S, Hunt JA, Woods EJ. The effects of pH on wound healing, biofilms, and anti microbial efficacy. Wound Repair and Regeneration. 2014;22(2):174–186.
Reinhardt CS, Thomas G, Schmolz M. Atopical wound disinfectant (ethacridinelactate) differentially affects the production of immuno regulatory cytokines in humanwhole-bloodcultures. Wounds. 2005;17(8):213-221.
Sampson MN, Muir AV. Not all super-oxidized water sarethesame. J HospInfect. 2002;52(3):228-229.
Schaffer MR, Tantry U, Thornton FJ, Barbul A. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis in wounds: pharmacology and effect on accumulation of collagen in wounds in mice. Eur J Surg. 1999;165(3):262-267.
Schneider LA, Korber A, Grabbe S, Dissemond J. Influence of pH on wound-healing: a new perspective. Arch Dermatological Res. 2007;298:413-420.
Selkon JB, Cherry GW, Wilson JM, Hughes MA. Evaluation of hypochlorousacidwashes in thetreatment of chronicvenouslegulcers. Journal of woundcare. 2006;15(1): 33-37.
Shigeta M, Tanaka G, Komatsuzawa H, Sugai M, Suginaka H, Usui T. Permeation of antimicrobial agents through Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms: A simplemethod. Chemotherapy. 1997;43(5):340–345.
Vissers MC, Winterbourn CC. Oxidation of intracellular glutathione after exposure of human red blood cells to hypochlorous acid. Biochem J.1995; 307(1):57-62.
Wainwright M. Acridine – a neglected antibacterial chromophore. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2001;47 (1):1–13.
Wells A, Nuschke A, Yates CC. Skin tissue repair: Matrix microenvironmental influences. Matrix Biol. 2016;49:25–36.
Zeng XP, Tang WW, Ye GQ, Ouyang T, Tian L, Yaming N, Ping L. Studies on disinfection mechanism of electrolyzed oxidizing water on E. Coli and staphylococcus aureus. J Food Sci. 2010;75(5):253-260.