Relationship of Problematic Internet Use with Emotion Regulation in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between problematic internet use and emotion regulation in adolescents diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Adolescents diagnosed with ADHD were given the Young Internet Addiction Scale (YIAS). They were divided into two groups problematic internet use (PIU) above 50 points (n=41) and normal internet use (NIU) below 50 points (n=41). The groups were compared by giving the AtillaTurgay DSM-IV Based for Child and Adolescent DistruptiveBehaviour Disorders Rating Scale (ATS) to the parents and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) to the adolescents. Results: The sample consisted of 25 (30.5%) girls and 57 (69.5%) boys, with a mean age of 14±1.8 years. Major depressive disorder (p=0.012), conduct disorder (p=0.034), and elimination disorder (p=0.040) were significantly higher in the PIU group compared to the NIU group. The mean scores of the YIAS, Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) subscale of ATS, and the goals subscale of DERS were higher in the PIU group (p<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between YIAS and DERS (p=0.030). Conclusion: The attendance of ADHD with problematic internet use increases emotion regulation difficulties and morbidity. There is a need for studies with a larger sample size and including healthy controls.

Keywords:

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Problematic Internet Use, Emotion Regulation, Internet Addiction,

PDF

___

Pliszka SR. Conceptualissues in understanding comorbidity in ADHD. In: Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults and Children. Cambridge University Press; 2014:63-71. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139035491.007
Yen JY, Yen CF, Chen CS, Tang TC, Ko CH. The Association between Adult ADHD Symptomsand Internet Addiction among College Students: The Gender Difference. Cyber Psychology & Behavior. 2009;12(2):187-191. doi:10.1089/cpb.2008.0113
Chou WJ, Liu TL, Yang P, Yen CF, Hu HF. Multi-dimensional correlates of Internet addiction symptoms in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2015;225(1-2):122-128. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.003
Bunford N, Evans SW, Wymbs F. ADHD and Emotion Dysregulation Among Children and Adolescents. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2015;18(3): 185-217. doi:10.1007/s10567-015-0187-5
Surman CBH, Biederman J, Spencer T, Miller CA, McDermott KM, Faraone S V. Understanding deficient emotional self-regulation in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a controlled study. ADHD. 2013;5(3):273-281. doi:10.1007/s12402-012-0100-8
Young KS. Internet addiction: A new clinical phenomenon and its consequences. American Behavioral Scientist. 2004;48(4):402-415.
Spada MM, Marino C. Metacognitions and emotion regulation as predictors of problematic internet use in adolescents. Clin Neuropsychiatry. 2017;14(1): 59-63.
Casale S, Caplan SE, Fioravanti G. Positive metacognitions about Internet use: Themediating role in the relationship between emotional dysregulation and problematicuse. Addictive Behaviors. 2016;59: 84-88. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.03.014
Mo PKH, Chan VWY, Chan SW, Lau JTF. The role of social support on emotion dysregulation and Internet addiction among Chinese adolescents: A structural equation model. Addictive Behaviors. 2018;82: 86-93. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.01.027
Gioia F, Rega V, Boursier V. Problematic internet use and emotional dysregulation among young people: A literatu rereview. Clin Neuropsychiatry. 2021;18(1):41-54.
Young KS. Internet addiction: Theemergence of a new clinical disorder. Cyberpsychology and Behavior. 1998;1(3). doi:10.1089/cpb.1998.1.237
Balta ÖÇ HM. İnternet Bağımlılığı Testi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2008;41:187-205.
Gratz KL, Roemer L. Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factorstructure, and initialvalidation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. J Psychopathol Behav. 2004; 26: 41-54 .
Ruganci RN, Gençöz T. Psychometric properties of a Turkish Version of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. J Clin Psychol. 2010;66(4):442-455. doi:10.1002/jclp.20665
Turgay A. Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Davranım Bozuklukları Için DSM-IV’e Dayalı Tarama ve Değerlendirme Ölçeği. Integrative therapy institute; 1995.
Ercan ES, Amado S, Somer O, Çıkoğlu S. Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu ve yıkıcı davranım bozuklukları için bir test bataryası geliştirme çabası. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi.2001;8(3):132-144.
Kaufman J, Birmaher B, Axelson D, Perepletchikova F, Brent D, Ryan N. Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children: Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) DSM-5 Working Draft.; 2016.
Unal F, Oktem F, CetinCuhadaroglu F, Cengel Kultur SE, Akdemir D, Foto Ozdemir D, Tuna Cak H, Unal D, Tıras K, Aslan C, Kalaycı BM, Aydos BS, Kutuk F, Tasyurek E, Karaokur R, Karabucak B, Karakok B, Karaer Y, Artik A. Reliability and validity of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Presentand Lifetime Version, DSM-5 November 2016-Turkish adaptation (K-SADSPL-DSM-5-T). Turk J Psychiatry 2019; 30(1):42-50
Liu TC, Desai RA, Krishnan-Sarin S, Cavallo DA, Potenza MN. Problematic Internet Use and Health in Adolescents. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011;72(06):836-845. doi:10.4088/JCP.10m06057
Bozkurt H, Özer S, Şahin S, Sönmezgöz E. Internet use patterns and Internet addiction in children and adolescents with obesity. Pediatr Obes. 2018;13(5): 301-306. doi:10.1111/ijpo.12216
Çakmak FH. Factors Associated with Problematic Internet Use among Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. North Clin Istanb. 2011;5(4):302. doi:10.14744/nci.2017.92668
Park S, Jeon HJ, Bae JN, Seong SJ, Hong JP. Prevalence and Psychiatric Comorbidities of Internet Addiction in a Nationwide Sample of Korean Adults. Psychiatry Investig. 2017;14(6):879-882. doi:10.4306/pi.2017.14.6.879
Sakamoto S, Miyawaki D, Goto A, et al. Associations between Internet Addiction, Psychiatric Comorbidity, and Maternal Depression and Anxiety in Clinically Referred Children and Adolescents. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2022;(18):2421-2430. doi:10.2147/NDT.S383160
Gunes H, Tanidir C, Adaletli H, et al. Oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder co-occurrence increases the risk of Internet addiction in adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Behav Addict. 2018;7(2):284-291. doi:10.1556/2006.7.2018.46
Effatpanah M, Moharrami M, RajabiDamavandi G, et al. Association of Internet Addiction with Emotional and Behavioral Characteristics of Adolescents. Iran J Psychiatry. 2020;15(1):55-66.
Bozkurt H, Coskun M, Ayaydin H, Adak İ, Zoroglu SS. Prevalence and patterns of psychiatric disorders in referred adolescents with Internet addiction. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2013;67(5):352-359. doi:10.1111/pcn.12065
Kahraman Ö, Demirci EÖ. Internet addiction and attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder: Effects of anxiety, depressionand self-esteem. Pediatrics International. 2018;60(6):529-534. doi:10.1111/ped.13573
Kamberoğlu Turan I, Turan S. Emotion regulation and executive functions in adolescents with skin picking disorder. Appl Neuropsychol Child. 2023;12(3):221-226. doi:10.1080/21622965.2022.2078978
Astenvald R, Frick MA, Neufeld J, Bölte S, Isaksson J. Emotion dysregulation in ADHD and other neurodevelopmental conditions: a co-twincontrolstudy. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2022;16(1):1-9. doi:10.1186/s13034-022-00528-0
Baykal S, Nalbantoglu A. An Examination of Emotion Regulation and Associated Factors in Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder. Konuralp Tıp Dergisi. 2019;11(2):269-273. doi:10.18521/ktd.530900
Tsai JK, Lu WH, Hsiao RC, Hu HF, Yen CF. Relationship between Difficulty in Emotion Regulation and Internet Addiction in College Students: A One-Year Prospective Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(13):4766. doi:10.3390/ijerph17134766
Liang L, Zhu M, Dai J, Li M, Zheng Y. The Mediating Roles of Emotional Regulation on Negative Emotion and Internet Addiction Among Chinese Adolescents From a Development Perspective. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12: 1-9. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.608317
Ko CH, Yen JY, Yen CF, Chen CS, Chen CC. The association between Internet addiction and psychiatric disorder: A review of the literature. European Psychiatry. 2012;27(1):1-8. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.04.011
Chang CH, Chang YC, Cheng H, Tzang RF. Treatment Efficacy of Internet Gaming Disorder With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Emotional Dysregulaton. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2020;23(6):349-355. doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyaa010
Schreiber LRN, Grant JE, Odlaug BL. Emotion regulation and impulsivity in young adults. J Psychiatr Res. 2012;46(5):651-658. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.02.005
Budak C. İnternet Bağımlılığının Yordayıcıları Olarak Sosyotropi-Otonomi Kişilik Özellikleri ve Duygu Düzenleme Güçlüğü. Master’sThesis. Işık University; 2017.