Memenin Özelleşmiş Tipteki Karsinomlarında İnce İğne Aspirasyonu Bulguları: 60 Olgunun Sito-histopatolojik Korelasyonları

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, meme karsinomlarının spesifik subtiplerinin (lobüler, papiller, medüller, müsinöz, tubuler ve diğer), ince iğne aspirasyonu sitopatolojisi (İİAS) ile tanısındaki performansımızı değerlendirmektir.Yöntem: Bölümümüzde, 2006-2011 yıllarında sitopatolojik ve histopatolojik incelemeleri yapılan, spesifik subtipteki meme karsinomu olgularının İİAS sonuçları histopatolojik tanılarıyla karşılaştırıldı. İİAS tanıları, benign, atipik, kuşkulu, malign ve temsil edici olmayan olarak gruplandı. Kesin ve total sensitivite oranları, atipik (gri-zon) ve yetersiz İİAS sonuçlarının, histopatolojik subtip ile korelasyonu araştırıldı.Bulgular: Sito-histopatolojik korelasyonu yapılan toplam 60 olgunun, 59 (%98,3)’u kadın, 1(%1,7)’i erkek hasta olup; yaş aralığı 34-83 yıl arasındaydı. Genel ortalama yaş 58,5(±13,3) iken; medüller karsinom olgularında anlamlı derecede (49) düşüktü. Sitopatolojik olarak, olguların 1(%1,7)’i benign (C2) ve 5(%8,3)’i atipik (C3) tanısı alırken; 10(%16,7) olgu malignite kuşkulu (C4) ve 37(%61,7) olgu malign (C5) olarak değerlendirilmiş; 7(%11,7)’si ise tanı için yetersiz bulunmuştu. Histopatolojik spesifik subtiplere göre, 36(%60,0) invaziv lobüler, 8 papiller, 7 medüller, 5 müsinöz, 3 tubuler ve 1 adenoid kistik karsinom bulunmaktaydı. İnvaziv lobüler subtipteki karsinomlar, daha düşük (%52,8 kesin (C5) ve %69,5 total (C5+C4) sensitivite oranlarına sahipti. Total sensitivite oranları, papiller, medüller, müsinöz ve tubuler karsinomlarda %100’dü. Gri-zon olguları (%13,9) ve yanlış negatiflik (%2,8) invaziv lobüler karsinomlarda daha yüksek iken; tubuler karsinomlarda daha yüksek yetersizlik (%33,3) oranı bulundu.Sonuç: Memenin spesifik subtipteki karsinomlarının İİAS ile preoperatif değerlendirmesinde, invaziv lobüler ve tubuler karsinom subtipleri, İİAS’nin tanısal gücünü sınırlamaktadır. Meme hastalıklarına yaklaşımın üçlü sacayağı (klinik, radyolojik ve patolojik) gerektirmesi nedeniyle, özellikle spesifik subtipteki meme karsinomu olgularını değerlendirirken, İİAS’nin bu konudaki sınırlılıklarının ilgili uzmanlıklar için farkındalığı, yanlış-negatif ve yanlış- pozitif sonuçların azaltılması açısından önemlidir. 

Fine Needle Aspiration Findings Of Specified Carcinomas Of The Breast: 60 Cases With Cyto-histopathologic Correlations

Objectives: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) continues to be an acceptable and reliable procedure for the preoperative diagnosis of breast lesions, particularly. The purpose of this study is to evaluate our performance with FNA cytopathology (FNAC) in specific subtypes of (lobular, papillary, medullary, mucinous, tubular and other) breast carcinomas.Methods: FNAC results of specified carcinomas of breast, cyto-diagnosed and subsequently biopsied in 2006-2011 were compared with final histopathological evaluation. The results of FNAC were interpreted as benign, atypical, suspicious, malignant and non-representative. The absolute and complete sensitivity rates, underestimation of malignancy rate and inadequacy rate of FNAC were correlated with histopathologic subtype.Results: Of cyto-histopathologically correlated 60 cases, 59 (98.3%) were females and 1(1.7%) was a male. Age range was 34-83 years with a mean value of 58.5(±13.3). Mean age was significantly lower (49) in medullary carcinoma patients. Of cases, 1(1.7%) was diagnosed as benign (C2), 5(8.3%) were atypical (C3), 10(16.7%) were suspicious (C4), 37(61.7%) were malignant (C5) and 7(11.7%) were inadequate (C1) by cytopathology. Of specified histopathologic subtypes, 36(60.0%) lobular, 8 papillary, 7 medullary, 5 mucinous, 3 tubular and 1 adenoid cystic carcinomas were included. Invasive lobular-type carcinomas had lower (52.8% absolute (C5)); 69.5% complete (C5+C4) sensitivity rates. The complete sensitivity rate was 100% in papillary, medullary, mucinous and tubular carcinomas. The underestimation of malignancy rate (13.9%) and false negativity (2.8%) was higher in lobular carcinomas while tubular carcinomas showed a higher inadequacy rate (33.3%).Conclusion: For FNAC of the breast in the preoperative diagnosis of specified breast carcinomas, lobular and tubular carcinoma subtypes limit cytodiagnostic yield of FNAC. As management of breast diseases necessitates triple approach (clinical, radiological, pathological), an awareness of the FNAC limitations by all specialists is important, especially when dealing with specified breast carcinomas to decrease false-negative and false-positive results. 

___

  • Manfrin E, Falsirollo F, Remo A et al. Cancer size, histotype, and cellular grade may limit the success of fine-needle aspiration cytology for screen-detected breast carcinoma. American Cancer Society. 2009; 117(6): 491-499.
  • Kocjan G, Bourgain C, Fassina A et al. The role of breast FNAC in diagnosis and clinical management: a survey of current practice. Cytopathology. 2008; 19(5):271-278.
  • Perry N, Broeders M, de Wolf C et al. European guidelines for quality assurance in breast cancer screening and diagnosis. Fourth edition--summary document. Ann Oncol. 2008; 19(4): 614-622. .
  • Hwang S, Ioffe O, Lee I et al. Cytologic diagnosis of invasive lobular carcinoma: factors associated with negative and equivocal diagnoses. Diagn Cytopathol. 2004; 31(2): 87-93.
  • Cariaggi MP, Bulgaresi P, Confortini M et al. Analysis of the causes of false negative cytology reports on breast cancer fine needle aspirates. Cytopathology. 1995; 6(3): 156-161.
  • Lamb J, Anderson TJ. Influence of cancer histology on the success of fine needle aspiration of the breast. J Clin Pathol. 1989; 42(7): 733-735.
  • Jayaram G, Elsayed EM, Yaccob RB. Papillary breast lesions diagnosed on cytology. Profile of 65 cases. Acta Cytol. 2007; 51(1):3-8.
  • Racz MM, Pommier RF, Troxell ML. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of medullary breast carcinoma: report of two cases and review of the literature with emphasis on differential diagnosis. Diagn Cytopathol. 2007; 35(6): 313-318.
  • Akbulut M, Zekioglu O, Kapkac M et al. Fine needle aspiration cytologic features of medullary carcinoma of the breast: a study of 20 cases with histologic correlation. Acta Cytol. 2009; 53(2): 165-173.
  • Haji BE, Das DK, Al-Ayadhy B et al. Fine-needle aspiration cytologic features of four special types of breast cancers: mucinous, medullary, apocrine, and papillary. Diagn Cytopathol. 2007; 35(7): 408-416.
  • Wong NL, Wan SK. Comparative cytology of mucocelelike lesion and mucinous carcinoma of the breast in fine needle aspiration. Acta Cytol. 2000; 44(5): 765-770.
  • Dawson AE, Logan-Young W, Mulford DK. Aspiration cytology of tubular carcinoma. Diagnostic features with mammographic correlation. Am J Clin Pathol. 1994; 101(4): 488-492.
  • Fischler DF, Sneige N, Ordóñez NG et al. Tubular carcinoma of the breast: cytologic features in fine-needle aspirations and application of monoclonal anti-alpha-smooth muscle actin in diagnosis. Diagn Cytopathol. 1994; 10(2): 120-125.