COVID-19 Geçirmiş Bireylerde Kinezyofobi, Fiziksel Aktivite, Depresyon, Anksiyete ve Stres Düzeyleri: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Amaç: COVID-19 geçirmiş bireylerde kinezyofobi, inaktivite ve duygu durum bozuklukları yeterince araştırılmamıştır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmanın amacı COVID-19 geçirmiş ve sağlıklı olan bireylerde kinezyofobi, fiziksel aktivite, depresyon, anksiyete ve stres ölçümlerini karşılaştırmaktı. Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışma 25 Kasım 2021 ile 30 Aralık 2021 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirildi Bireyler genel toplumdan dahil edildi. Tüm bireylerde kinezyofobi Tampa Kinezyofobi Ölçeğiyle, fiziksel aktivite Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi Kısa-Formuyla ve ruh hali (depresyon, anksiyete ve stres) Depresyon Anksiyete Stres Ölçeği-21 ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Ortalama yaşı 33,41±7,95 yıl olan COVID-19 geçirmiş 29 birey vardı. Sağlıklı kontroller, yaş ortalaması 31,3±7,81 yıl olan 20 gönüllüden oluşuyordu. COVID-19 geçirmiş grupta anksiyete (%55,2'ye karşı %20) ve stres (%34,5'e karşı %5) daha sık gözlendi. Sağlıklı bireylere göre COVID-19 geçirmiş bireylerde kinezyofobi ve anksiyete puanları anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (p<0,05). Gruplar arasında fiziksel aktivite, depresyon ve stres puanları benzerdi (p>0,05). COVID-19 geçirmiş bireylerde i) kinezyofobi ve stres puanları ve ii) fiziksel aktivite, stres ve depresyon puanları arasında anlamlı ilişkiler bulundu (p<0,05). Sağlıklı bireylerde kinezyofobi ile diğer sonuçlar arasında ilişki yoktu (p>0,05). Sonuç: Hem COVID-19 geçirmiş hem de sağlıklı bireylerde yüksek derecede kinezyofobi görülse de COVID-19'a maruz kalan bireylerde kinezyofobi, kaygı ve stres ölçümleri diğerlerine göre daha yüksekti. COVID-19 geçirmiş bireylerde stres arttıkça kinezyofobi arttı ve stres ve depresyon arttıkça fiziksel aktiviteler azaldı. Bu nedenle COVID-19'a maruz kalan bireylere egzersiz, fiziksel aktiviteler ve psikolojik danışmanlık önerilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

anksiyete, COVID-19, depresyon, egzersiz, fiziksel aktivite, hareket

Kinesiophobia, Physical Activity, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Levels in Post COVID-19 Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: Kinesiophobia, inactivity and mood disturbances in post-COVID-19 individuals are poorly investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare measures of kinesiophobia, physical activity, depression, anxiety and stress in post-COVID-19 individuals and healthy individuals. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between 25 November 2021 and 30 December 2021. The individuals were recruited from the general community. Kinesiophobia was assessed with the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, physical activity levels with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short-Form, and mood (depression, anxiety, and stress) with the Depression Anxiety Stress-21 Scale in all individuals. Results: There were 29 volunteer individuals who had COVID-19 with a mean age of 33.41±7.95 years. Healthy controls consisted of 20 volunteers with a mean age of 31.3±7.81 years. Anxiety (55.2% versus 20%) and stress (34.5% versus 5%) were observed more frequently in the post-COVID-19 group. The scores for kinesiophobia and anxiety were significantly higher in post-COVID-19 individuals than healthy individuals (p<0.05). The scores for physical activity, depression and stress were similar between groups (p>0.05). Significant correlations were found among post-COVID-19 individuals for i) the scores for kinesiophobia and stress, and ii) the scores for physical activity, stress, and depression (p<0.05). There was no relationship between kinesiophobia and other outcomes in healthy individuals (p>0.05). Conclusion: Although a high degree of kinesiophobia is observed in both post-COVID-19 and healthy individuals, kinesiophobia, anxiety and stress measures were higher in people exposed to COVID-19 than others. In post-COVID-19 individuals, kinesiophobia increased as stress increased, and physical activities decreased while stress and depression increased. Hence, exercises, physical activities and psychological counseling should be recommended to individuals exposed to COVID-19.

Keywords:

Anxiety, COVID-19, Depression, Exercise, Movement, Physical Activity,

PDF

___

Ryrsø CK, Dungu AM, Hegelund MH, Jensen AV, Sejdic A, Faurholt-Jepsen D, et al. Body composition, physical capacity, and immuno-metabolic profile in community-acquired pneumonia caused by COVID-19, influenza, and bacteria: a prospective cohort study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2022;46(4):817-824. doi:10.1038/s41366-021-01057-0.
van den Borst B, Peters JB, Brink M, Schoon Y, Bleeker-Rovers CP, Schers H, et al. Comprehensive Health Assessment 3 Months After Recovery From Acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73(5):1089-1098. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1750.
Özlü İ, Öztürk Z, Karaman Özlü Z, Tekin E, Gür A. The effects of progressive muscle relaxation exercises on the anxiety and sleep quality of patients with COVID-19: A randomized controlled study. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2021;57(4):1791-1797. doi:10.1111/ppc.12750.
Soares MN, Eggelbusch M, Naddaf E, Gerrits KHL, van der Schaaf M, van den Borst B, et al. Skeletal muscle alterations in patients with acute Covid-19 and post-acute sequelae of Covid-19. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2022;13(1):11-22. doi:10.1002/jcsm.12896.
Nambi G, Abdelbasset VK, Alrawaili SM, Elsayed SH, Verma A, Vellaiyan A, et al. Comparative effectiveness study of low versus high-intensity aerobic training with resistance training in community-dwelling older men with post-COVID 19 sarcopenia: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2022;36(1):59-68. doi:10.1177/02692155211036956.
Kuut TA, Müller F, Aldenkamp A, Assmann-Schuilwerve E, Braamse A, Geerlings SE, et al. A randomised controlled trial testing the efficacy of Fit after COVID, a cognitive behavioural therapy targeting severe post-infectious fatigue following COVID-19 (ReCOVer): study protocol. Trials. 2021;22(1):867. doi:10.1186/s13063-021-05569-y.
Singh I, Joseph P, Heerdt PM, Cullinan M, Lutchmansingh DD, Gulati M, et al. Persistent Exertional Intolerance After COVID-19: Insights From Invasive Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing. Chest. 2022;161(1):54-63. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2021.08.010.
Pestelli MT, D'Abrosca F, Tognetti P, Grecchi B, Nicolini A, Solidoro P. Do not forget the lungs: I/E mode physiotherapy for people recovering from COVID-19. Preliminary feasibility study. Panminerva Med. 2021. doi:10.23736/S0031-0808.21.04510-9.
Jafarnezhadgero AA, Hamlabadi MP, Sajedi H, Granacher U. Recreational runners who recovered from COVID-19 show different running kinetics and muscle activities compared with healthy controls. Gait Posture. 2022;91:260-265. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.11.002.
Li J, Xia W, Zhan C, Liu S, Yin Z, Wang J, et al. A telerehabilitation programme in post-discharge COVID-19 patients (TERECO): a randomised controlled trial. Thorax. 2022;77(7):697-706. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217382.
Tunca Yilmaz Ö, Yakut Y, Uygur F, Uluğ N. Turkish version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and its test-retest reliability. Fizyoter Rehabil. 2011;22(1):44-49.
Sağlam M, Arikan H, Savci S, Inal-Ince D, Bosnak-Guclu M, Karabulut E, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Percept Mot Skills. 2010;111(1):278-284. doi:10.2466/06.08.PMS.111.4. 278-284.
Sariçam H. The psychometric properties of Turkish version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) in health control and clinical samples. JCBPR. 2018;7(1):19-30. doi:10.5455/JCBPR.274847.
Reinking S, Seehusen CN, Walker GA, Wilson JC, Howell DR. Transitory kinesiophobia after sport-related concussion and its correlation with reaction time. J Sci Med Sport. 2021;S1440-2440(21)00189-4. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2021.07.010.
Serrat M, Coll-Omaña M, Albajes K, Solé S, Almirall M, Luciano JV, et al. Efficacy of the FIBROWALK Multicomponent Program Moved to a Virtual Setting for Patients with Fibromyalgia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Proof-of-Concept RCT Performed Alongside the State of Alarm in Spain. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(19):10300. doi:10.3390/ijerph181910300.
Kim H, Lee S. Effects of pain neuroscience education on kinesiophobia in patients with chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Phys Ther Rehabil Sci. 2020;9(4):309-317. doi:10.14474/ptrs.2020.9.4.309.
Moreno JS, Jorge SS, Campos DV, Berlanga LA. Analgesic effects of physical exercise in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain during confinement by the COVID -19 pandemic. Arch Med Deporte. 2020;37(6):393-397. doi:10.18176/archmeddeporte.00014.
Barğı G, Şahin E, Çimenli Ç. Investigation Of Stress, Anxiety, Depression And Physical Activity Levels In University Students Who Are Remotely Educated During Prolonged COVID-19 Pandemic Process. IDUHeS. 2021;4(2):159-168. doi:10.52538/iduhes.941379.
Özkeskin M, Özden F, Karaman B, Ekmekçi Ö, Yüceyar N. The comparison of fatigue, sleep quality, physical activity, quality of life, and psychological status in multiple sclerosis patients with or without COVID-19. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2021;55:103180. doi:10.1016/j.msard.2021.103180.
Sallis R, Young DR, Tartof SY, Sallis JF, Sall J, Li Q, et al. Physical inactivity is associated with a higher risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes: a study in 48 440 adult patients. Br J Sports Med. 2021;55(19):1099-1105. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2021-104080.
Maltagliati S, Sieber S, Sarrazin P, Cullati S, Chalabaev A, Millet GP, et al. Muscle strength explains the protective effect of physical activity against COVID-19 hospitalization among adults aged 50 years and older. J Sports Sci. 2021;39(24):2796-2803. doi:10.1080/02640414.2021.1964721.
Jacob L, Smith L, Koyanagi A, Oh H, Tanislav C, Shin JI, et al. Impact of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on anxiety diagnosis in general practices in Germany. J Psychiatr Res. 2021;143:528-533. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.11.029.
Grbovic V, Markovic N, Bogojevic P, Nikolic J, Milosevic J, Simovic S, et al. The effects of respiratory exercises on partial pressures of gases and anxiety in the acute phase of COVID-19 infection. Physiother Theory Pract. 2021;1-9. doi:10.1080/09593985.2021.1996497.
Priyamvada R, Ranjan R, Chaudhury S. Efficacy of psychological intervention in patients with post-COVID-19 anxiety. Ind Psychiatry J. 2021;30(Suppl. 1):41-44. doi:10.4103/0972-6748.328787.