Covid – 19 Hazırlılığı Örgütsel Güven Ölçeği

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de COVİD-19 salgını ilan edildikten sonra; makro düzeyde devletin, daha aşağıda örgütlerin, çalışanların ve örgüt yöneticilerinin, salgınla ilgili olarak aldığı kararlar, tedbirler, çalışanların kendi aralarında ve örgütle kurduğu iletişim, iş yapma tarzı ile ilgili getirilen yenilikler bağlamında çalışan ve örgüt arasında kurulan güven-güvensizliğin nasıl yapılandığını değerlendirmeye yönelik bir ölçek geliştirmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak hazırlanan açık uçlu sorular yardımıyla çevrimiçi görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen nitel veri ölçümlenebilir ölçek maddelerine dönüştürülmüş ve Sosyo-demografik Bilgi Formu, Genel İş Memnuniyeti, İşten Ayrılma Niyeti ölçekleriyle birlikte farklı sektörlerde çalışan 150 katılımcıya (Erkek: 78, Kadın: 72; Yaş: 22 - 67, Ort:38.3, SS:12.43) uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular ölçeğin ‘Yöneticiye Güven’, ‘KurumaGüven’ ve ‘Çalışana Güven’ olmak üzere üç faktörlü bir yapı gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Kriter geçerliliği kapsamında gerçekleştirilen korelasyon analizi sonuçları ölçeğe ait tüm alt boyutların Genel İş Memnuniyeti ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti ile ilişkilendiğini göstermektedir. Ayırt etme geçerliliğini test etmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilen analizler işin sağlık açısından tehlike algısının az tehlikeli ve çok tehlikeli olduğu gruplarda Örgüte Güven ve Çalışana Güven boyutlarında anlamlı farklılık olduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmada elde edilen bulgular COVID – 19 Hazırlılığı Örgütsel Güven Ölçeği’nin Türk örnekleminde psikometrik özellikleri görgül olarak test edilmiş geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek olduğunu göstermektedir.

___

  • Aksoy, Ş., & Mamatoğlu, N. (2020). COVID-19 Salgın Döneminde Örgütlerde Güvenlik İkliminin İş Güvenliği Uzmanları Perspektifinden Değerlendirilmesi. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7 (5), 26-37
  • Al-Sakarnah, B., & Alhawary F. A (2009). Unraveling the relationship between employees’ perception to organization and turnover intentions. Exploring the mediating effects of trust to organization. International Journal of Business and Management, 4 (10), 177-183.
  • Archimi, C.S., Reynaud, E., Yasin, H.M., Bhatti, Z.A., 2018. How perceived corporate social responsibility affects employee cynicism: The mediating role of organizational trust. J. Bus. Ethics, 151 (4), 907–921.
  • Barber, B. (1983). The Logic and Limits of Trust. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
  • Bish, A., & Michie, S. (2010). Demographic and attitudinal determinants of protective behaviours during a pandemic. A review. British journal of health psychology, 15(4), 797–824. https://doi.org/10.1348/135910710X485826
  • Bundy, J., Pfarrer, M.D., Short, C.E., Coombs, W.T., 2017. Crises and crisis management: integration, interpretation, and research development. J. Manage, 43 (6), 1661–1692.
  • Chambon, M., Dalege, J., Elberse, J., & van Harreveld, F. (2020). A psychological network approach to attitudes and preventive behaviors during pandemics: A COVID-19 study in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/es45v
  • Chiou, J., & Pan, L. (2009). Antecedents of internet retailing loyalty: differences between heavy versus light shoppers. Journal of Business and Psychology, 24 (3), 327–339.
  • Cialdini, R.B., Kallgren, C.A., Reno, R.R., (1991). A focus theory of normative conduct: A theoretical refinement and reevaluation of the role of norms in human behavior. In: Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 24. Academic Press. 201–234.
  • Coleman JS. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94, 95–120.
  • Cruise, P. A. ve McLeary C. (2018). The effect of socio-affective variables in the relationship between organizational trust and employee turnover intention. International Journal of Economics and Management Engineering, 12 (6), 816-822.
  • Delhey, J., and Newton, K. (2003). Who trusts? The origins of social trust in seven societies. Eur. Soc. 5, 93–137. doi: 10.1080/1461669032000072256
  • Demircan, N., Ceylan, A . (2003). Örgütsel Güven Kavramı: Nedenleri ve Sonuçları. Yönetim ve Ekonomi. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10 (2), 139-150
  • Deutsch, M. (1958). Trust and suspicion. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 2, 265–279. doi:10.1177/002200275800200401
  • Dirks, K.T., Ferrin, D.L., (2002). Trust in leadership: Meta-analytic findings and implications for research and practice. J. Appl. Psychol. 87 (4), 611–628.
  • Driscoll, J.W., (1978). Trust and participation in organizational decision making as predictors of satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal, 21 (1), 44–56.
  • Riikka Ellonen Kirsimarja Blomqvist Kaisu P., (2008). The role of trust in organisational innovativeness, European Journal of Innovation Management, 11 (2), 160-181.
  • Fukuyama F. (1995). Trust: the social virtues and the creation of prosperity. New York: The Free Press
  • Gambetta, D. (1988). Can We Trust, D.G. Gambetta (Der), Trust: Making and Breaking Cooperative Behaviors, 131-185, New York: Basil Blackwell.
  • Gilbert, J. and Li-Ping Tang, T. (1998). An examination of organizational trust antecedents, Public Personnel Management, 27 (3), 321-338.
  • Gustafsson, S., Gillespie, N., Searle, R., Hope Hailey, V., Dietz, G., (2020). Preserving organizational trust during disruption. Organ. Stud., 0170840620912705
  • Haibo, Y., Liluo, F., Wenquan, L., & Xiaoming, Z. (2007). Effects of organizational trust on individual attitudes, turnover intentions and organizational financial performance of Chinese companies. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 39 (2), 311-320.
  • Harvey, S., Haines III, V.Y. (2005). Employer treatment of employees during a community crisis: the role of procedural and distributive justice. J. Bus. Psychol. 20 (1), 53–68.
  • Hatayama, M., Viollaz, M., Winkler, H. (2020). Jobs' Amenability to Working from Home: Evidence from Skills Surveys for 53 Countries. Policy Research Working Paper No. 9241. Washington DC: World Bank.
  • Horppu, M., Kuivalainen, O., Tarkiainen, A., Ellonen, H. (2008). Online satisfaction, trust and loyalty, and the impact of the offline parent brand. Journal of Product & Brand Management17 (6), 403–413.
  • Hosmer, L.T. (1995). Trust: The Connecting Link Between Organizational Theory and Philosophical Ethics. Academy of Management Review, 20, 379-403. doi: 10.5465/amr.1995.9507312923
  • Hough, C., Green, K., Plumlee, G. (2015). Impact of ethics environment and organizational trust on employee engagement. J. Legal Ethical Regulatory,18 (3), 45.
  • Huff, L. ve L. Kelley (2003), Levels of Organizational Trust in Individualist Versus Collectivist Societies: A Seven Nation Study, Organization Science, 14 (1).
  • ILO, (2020). Working from Home: Estimating the worldwide potential. ILO Policy Brief. For more information on country measures, see the websites of acaps.org; Covid19globalemployer.com; ilo.org.
  • Jones, G.R. ve J. M George (1998), The Experience And Evolution Of Trust: Implications For Cooperation And Teamwork, Academy of Management Review, 23 (3).
  • Kennedy BP, Kawachi I, Brainerd E. (1998). The role of social capital in the Russian mortality crisis. World Development. 26 (11), 2029–2043.
  • Koronis, E., Ponis, S., (2018). A strategic approach to crisis management and organizational resilience. J. Bus. Strategy, 39 (1), 32–42.
  • Kye B, Hwang SJ. (2020) Social trust in the midst of pandemic crisis: Implications from COVID-19 of South Korea. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.rssm.2020.100523.
  • Lewicki, R.J. ve B.B.Bunker (1996), Developing and Maintaining Trust in Work Relationships. Roderick M Kramer ve Rom T.Tyler (Ed), Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of Theory and Research, 114-139, Sage Publications, London
  • Lewicki, R.J., McAllister, D.J. ve Bies, R.J. (1998), Trust. The Academy of Management Review, 23 (3), 438 – 458. doi: 10.5465/amr.1998.926620
  • Liu, J., Siu, O., Shi, K., (2010). Transformational leadership and employee well-being: the mediating role of trust in the leader and self-efficacy. Applied Psychology, 59 (3), 454–479.
  • Mamatoğlu N. & Aksoy, Ş. (2021). COVID – 19 Salgın Sürecinde Çalışanların Motivasyon Kaynakları: Pandemi Sürecinde Neden İşe Gitmek İstenir? İş ve İnsan, (Baskıda)
  • Mamatoğlu, N. (2020), “Sosyal Psikolojinin Sosyal Güven Konusuna Uygulanışı”, Gülden, Sayılan ve Cem Şafak Çukur (Der.), Uygulamalı Sosyal Psikoloji (Ankara: Nobel Yayınları): 351-390
  • Mayer, R., Davis J.H.Ve F.D Schoorman (1995), “ Integration Model Of Organizational Trust”, Academy of Management Review, 20 (3).
  • McAllister, D. J. (1995). Affect and cognition based trust as foundations for interpersonal cooperation in organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 38 (1), 24–59. doi:10.2307/256727.
  • McAllister, D. (1995), Affect And Cognition Based Trust As Foundations For Interpersonal Cooperation In Organization. Academy Of Management Journal, 38 (1), 24-59
  • Mellinger, G. D. (1956). Interpersonal trust as a factor in communication. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 52 (3), 304-309. doi: 10.1037/h0048100
  • Moliner, M.A., Sanchez, J., Rodriguez, R.M., Callarisa, L., (2007). Relationship quality with a travel agency: the influence of the postpurchase perceived value of a tourism package. Tourism and Hospitality Research,7 (3–4), 194–211.
  • Morgeson, F.P., Mitchell, T.R., Liu, D., (2015). Event system theory: an event-oriented approach to the organizational sciences. Acad. Manag. Rev. 40 (4), 515–537.
  • Newton, K., Stolle, D., and Zmerli, S. (2018). “Social and political trust” in The Oxford handbook of social and political trust. ed. E. M. Uslaner (New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press), 37–56.
  • Nyhan, Ronald C. and Marlowe, Herbert A. (1997). Development and psychometric properties of the organizational trust inventory, Evaluation Review, 21 (5), pp. 614-635.
  • Özkılıçcı, G., & Mamatoğlu, N. (2021). Yeni Koronavirüs (COVID-19) Salgını: Tutumlar, Algılar Ve Siyasi Lider Stili Tercihi. Alternatif Politika, 13 (1), 208-246
  • Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster
  • Read, W. H. (1962). Upward communication in industrial hierarchies. Human Relations, 15, 3-15. doi: 10.1177/001872676201500101
  • Schiefer D, van der Noll J. (2017). The essentials of social cohesion: A literature review. Social Indicators Research. 132, 579–603
  • Shockley-Zalabak, P., Ellis, K., Winograd, G., (2000). Organizational trust: what it means, why it matters. Organization Development Journal,18 (4), 35–48.
  • Siegrist M, Gutscher H, Earle TC. (2005) Perception of risk: The influence of general trust, and general confidence. Journal of Risk Research. 8 (2):145–56.
  • Six, F. (2008). The Trouble with Trust: The Dynamics of Interpersonal Trust Building. Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Stolle, D. (2001). “Clubs and congregations: the benefits of joining an association” in Trust in society. ed. K. S. Cook (New York, NY, USA: Russell Sage Foundation), 202–244.
  • Su K, Liu H, Zhang H. (2019). Board size, social trust, and corporate risk taking: evidence from China. Managerial and Decision Economics. 40 (6):596–609.
  • Tokgöz, Emrah ve Seymen, Oya A. (2013). Örgütsel güven, örgütsel özdeşleşme ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı arasındaki ilişki: Bir devlet hastanesinde araştırma, Öneri Dergisi, 10 (39), 61-76.
  • Tourigny, L., Han, J., Baba, V.V., Pan, P. (2019). Ethical leadership and corporate social responsibility in China: a multilevel study of their effects on trust and organizational citizenship behavior. J. Bus. Ethics158 (2), 427–440.
  • Van Bavel JJ, Baicker K, Boggio PS, Capraro V, Cichocka A. (2020). Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response. Nature Human Behaviour. 4:460–471. https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41562-020-0884-z PMID: 32355299
  • Yilmaz, A. and Atalay, C. (2009). A theoretical analysis on the concept of trust in organizational life. European Journal of Social Sciences, 8 (2), 341-352.