Sedat YALÇINKAYA, Fatih DOĞAN, Hasan İhsan KALELİ

Atık Yangınlarının ve İtfaiye İstasyonlarının Mekânsal Erişilebilirliğinin İncelenmesi, Izmir, Türkiye

Doğal nedenler veya insan faaliyetleri sonucu meydana gelen yangınlara zamanında müdahale edilmemesi büyük felaketlere neden olmaktadır. Yangın olaylarına hızlı müdahale, can ve mal kaybını önemli ölçüde azaltabileceğinden, itfaiye servisleri etkili bir şekilde yönetilmelidir. Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS), mekânsal analiz kabiliyeti sayesinde itfaiye servislerinin yangın yönetim politikalarının belirlemesinde oldukça etkilidir. Bu çalışmada yangınların büyük çoğunluğunu oluşturan atık yangınlarına odaklanılmıştır. 2018-2021 yılları arasında İzmir'de meydana gelen yangınlar, CBS kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. İlk olarak yangın olayları zamansal ve mekânsal olarak incelenmiştir. Tüm yangınlar ve çöp yangınları ayrı ayrı analiz edilerek yangın yoğunluğu haritaları Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) metoduyla oluşturulmuştur. İtfaiye istasyonlarının mahallere mekânsal erişilebilirlikleri konum tahsis analizi ile belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak yangın vakalarının yoğun olduğu ilçeler ve zaman aralıkları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, çalışma alanındaki tüm mahallelerin hizmet alabilmesi için gerekli minimum sürenin 62 dakika olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İtfaiye istasyonlarının mahallere erişilebilirliği 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, ve 62 dakikalık zaman aralıkları için analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, her bir yangın istasyonunun, hizmet verebileceği nüfus miktarına bağlı performansının değerlendirilmesinde kullanılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Acil müdahale, CBS, ağ analizi, yangın yönetimi, atık yönetimi

Investigation of Waste Fires and Spatial Accessibility of Fire Stations in Izmir, Turkey

Failure to respond in time to fires causes great disasters. Since the loss of life and property can be significantly reduced with rapid response to fire incidents, fire services should be managed properly. Geographic Information System (GIS) is very effective in determining fire management policies of fire services thanks to its spatial analysis capability. This study focused on waste fires, which constitute the majority of fires. The fires that occurred in Izmir between 2018 and 2021 were analyzed using GIS. First, spatiotemporal analysis of fire incidents was investigated. Fire density maps were created with the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation method by analyzing all fires and waste fires separately. The spatial accessibility of fire stations to neighborhoods was determined by location-allocation analysis. The minimum time required for all neighborhoods to receive service in the study area has been determined as 62 minutes. The accessibility of fire stations to neighborhoods was analyzed for time intervals of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 62 minutes. The results were used to evaluate performance of each fire station based on the amount of population they served.

Keywords:

Emergency response, GIS, network analysis, fire management, waste management,

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