Öz The article reveals that the main socio-philosophical doctrines: 1) approach social development mainly in an abstract way, regardless of human nature; 2) do not take into consideration the factors of vagueness and self-organization which are an integral part of human being’s vital activity; 3) do not adequately inquire into the role of cultural facts in a historical perspective. Cataclysms in the modern world, socio-economic, ecologic and other crises appear in a different light if considered in the context of conceptions about human nature. A move of society towards genuine humanistic existence depends, to a great extent, on the prospects of all round development of a human being, his/her personal moral qualities. It is highlighted that the inability to reasonably manage social processes, which are determined by the archaic human nature, causes danger to humankind. The human mind has its own history and many traces of the previous stages of development are imprinted into the psyche. The unconscious recreates our original nature, its instincts and a special mode of thinking. One cannot give up the idea of existence of aggressive instinct rooted in our contemporaries. This factor poses serious threats for civilization in the context of unprecedented increase of technical equipment within the community. Awareness of the necessity to redirect aggression along with a geographically widespread implementation of this global program may become a turning point in the history of humankind.