%100 Geri Dönüştürülmüş Asfalt Kaplamanın Türkiye'de Soğuk Karışım Bakım Malzemesi Olarak Kullanılabilirliğinin Deneysel Olarak İncelenmesi

Bu çalışma kapsamında, %100 geri dönüştürülmüş asfalt kaplamanın (RAP) soğuk karışım bakım malzemesi (yama malzemesi) olarak kullanılabilirliği deneysel olarak araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın bir parçası olarak, ilk olarak RAP malzemesi, bitüm içeriğini ve ekstrakte edilen agreganın gradasyonunu belirlemek için karakterize edildi. Daha sonra, üç set RAP numunesi (her sette üç numune vardır) hazırlandı. Bu numuneler 22°C, 40°C ve 45°C'de üç saat süreyle etüvde bekletildi ve bilahare 75 Marshall tokmak darbesi ile sıkıştırıldı. Sıkıştırılmış numuneler daha sonra bekletildi ve Marshall stabilite ve akma değerleri 22°C'de test edildi. Test numunelerinin hava muhtevaları da belirlendi. Sıkıştırılmış test numunelerinin sıkıştırılma sıcaklıkları arttıkça Marshall stabilite test sonuçlarının arttığı ancak çoğunlukla akma ve hava muhtevası test sonuçlarının düştüğü görülmüştür. Her üç numune setinin Marshall stabilite test sonuçları yönetmelik alt sınırının oldukça üzerindeydi. Ayrıca, 22°C'de şartlandırılmış bir numune dışındaki tüm test numuneleri, akma ve hava muhtevası kriterlerini karşılamıştır. Özellikle 22°C'nin üzerinde %100 RAP'ın soğuk karışım bakım malzemesi olarak kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılabilir. 22°C civarında kullanılması gerekiyorsa dayanıklı ve nispeten uzun ömürlü bir soğuk karışım bakım malzemesi uygulaması için hava muhtevasının %8'in altında olacak şekilde iyice sıkıştırıldığından emin olunmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

RAP, Soğuk Karışım Bakım Malzemesi, Asfalt Betonu, Marshall Stabilite

Experimental Investigation of Usability of 100% Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) as a Cold Patching Material in Turkey

In this study, the usability of 100% RAP as a cold patching material (CPM) was experimentally investigated. As part of this study, first, the RAP material has been characterized to determine its binder content and particle size distribution of the extracted aggregate. Then, three sets of RAP specimens (each set has three specimens) were prepared. These specimens were conditioned at 22°C, 40°C and 45°C for three hours. Then, the specimens were compacted with 75 Marshall hammer blows. The compacted specimens were then tested for their Marshall stability, and flow at 22°C. Air contents of the test specimens were also determined . It was observed that as conditioning temperatures of the compacted test specimens increased, their Marshall stability test results increased but their flow and air content test results mostly decreased. Marshall stability test results of all three sets of specimens were well above the specification limits. Moreover, all test specimens except for only one specimen conditioned at 22°C met the flow and air content criteria. It could be concluded that 100% RAP could be used as a CPM especially above 22°C. If it is needed to be used at around 22°C, it must be ensured that it is well compacted so that its air content is below 8% for a durable and comparably long-lasting cold patching application.

Keywords:

RAP, Cold Patching Material, Asphalt Concrete, Marshall Stability,

PDF

___

Al-Shujairi, A. O., Al-Taie, A. J., & Al-Mosawe, H. M. (2021, June). Review on applications of RAP in civil engineering. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 1105, No. 1, p. 012092). IOP Publishing.
ASTM C136/C136M-19, "Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates," ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, (United States), 2019.
ASTM D2172/D2172 M-17, "Standard test methods for quantitative extraction of bitumen from bituminous paving mixtures," ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. (United States), 2017.
ASTM D2726-88, “Standard test method for bulk specific gravity and density of non-absorptive compacted bituminous mixtures,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. (United States), 2014.
ASTM D6926-20. (2020). Standard Practice for Preparation of Asphalt Mixture Specimens Using Marshall Apparatus.
Balık, G., Yilmaz, M., Kök, B. V., & Alataş, T. (2019). Effects of Mixing Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Hot Mix Asphalt. Teknik Dergi, 30(4), 9221-9241.
Biswas, S., Hashemian, L., Hasanuzzaman, M., & Bayat, A. (2016). A study on pothole repair in Canada through questionnaire survey and laboratory evaluation of patching materials. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 43(5), 443-450. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2015-0553.
Biswas, S., Hashemian, L., & Bayat, A. (2018). Investigation of pothole severity and maintenance methods in Canada through questionnaire survey. Journal of cold regions engineering, 32(2), 04018002. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CR.1943-5495.0000161.
Chen, J. S., Ho, H. C., Liao, M. C., & Wang, T. Y. (2016). Engineering properties of asphalt concrete patching mixtures. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 44(1), 534-542. https://doi.org/10.1520/JTE20140441.
Dash, S. S., Chandrappa, A. K., & Sahoo, U. C. (2022). Design and performance of cold mix asphalt–A review. Construction and Building Materials, 315, 125687.
Dong, Q., Huang, B., & Zhao, S. (2014). Field and laboratory evaluation of winter season pavement pothole patching materials. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 15(4), 279-289. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2013.814772.
Dughaishi, H. A., Lawati, J. A., Bilema, M., Babalghaith, A. M., Mashaan, N. S., Yusoff, N. I. M., & Milad, A. (2022). Encouraging Sustainable Use of RAP Materials for Pavement Construction in Oman: A Review. Recycling, 7(3), 35.
Giani, M. I., Dotelli, G., Brandini, N., & Zampori, L. (2015). Comparative life cycle assessment of asphalt pavements using reclaimed asphalt, warm mix technology and cold in-place recycling. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 104, 224-238.
Han, S., Liu, M., Shang, W., Qi, X., Zhang, Z., & Dong, S. (2019). Timely and durable polymer modified patching materials for pothole repairs in low temperature and wet conditions. Applied Sciences, 9(9), 1949
Jain, S., & Singh, B. (2021). Cold mix asphalt: An overview. Journal of Cleaner Production, 280, 124378.
KGM, "Highway Technical Specification," Ankara (Turkey), 2013
Kwon, H., Lee, A. S., Lee, J. H., Park, N. K., Kim, G. D., Cho, B., ... & Yu, S. (2017). Characterization of liquid state sulfur polymer/epoxy blend as asphalt pavement materials. Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry, 53, 386-391.
Liu, T., Hu, G., & Gu, Y. (2013). Influence of Cold Patch Asphalt Mixture Gradation on Pavement Performance. In ICTE 2013: Safety, Speediness, Intelligence, Low-Carbon, Innovation (pp. 1405-1410).
MGM, “Turkish State Meteorological Service”. https://mgm.gov.tr/eng/ (Date Accessed: 22 December 2022).
Nazzal, M. D., Mogawer, W., Austerman, A., Qtaish, L. A., & Kaya, S. (2015). Multi-scale evaluation of the effect of rejuvenators on the performance of high RAP content mixtures. Construction and Building Materials, 101, 50-56.
Pakes, A., Edil, T., Sanger, M., Olley, R., & Klink, T. (2018). Environmental benefits of cold-in-place recycling. Transportation Research Record, 2672(24), 11-19.
Plati, C., & Cliatt, B. (2018). A sustainability perspective for unbound reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) as a pavement base material. Sustainability, 11(1), 78.
Rinkal, D., Zala, L. B., & Amin, A. A. (2021). Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP)–A Review. International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science, 3, 3076-3084.
Soleimanbeigi, A., & Edil, T. B. (2015). Compressibility of recycled materials for use as highway embankment fill. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 141(5), 04015011.
Turk, J., Pranjić, A. M., Mladenovič, A., Cotič, Z., & Jurjavčič, P. (2016). Environmental comparison of two alternative road pavement rehabilitation techniques: Cold-in-place-recycling versus traditional reconstruction. Journal of Cleaner Production, 121, 45-55.
Wang, T., Dra, Y. A. S. S., Cai, X., Cheng, Z., Zhang, D., Lin, Y., & Yu, H. (2022). Advanced cold patching materials (CPMs) for asphalt pavement pothole rehabilitation: State of the art. Journal of Cleaner Production, 133001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133001.
Yu, H., Leng, Z., Zhou, Z., Shih, K., Xiao, F., & Gao, Z. (2017). Optimization of preparation procedure of liquid warm mix additive modified asphalt rubber. Journal of cleaner production, 141, 336-345.