Cerrahi Süreçte Hasta Beslenmesinde Güncel Yaklaşımlar

Cerrahi travma, oluşturduğu nörohormonal stres yanıtla homeostazı tehdit eden katabolik bir süreç başlatır. Cerrahi travma sonrası derlenme, yalnızca teknik cerrahi becerilere değil, aynı zamanda hastanın metabolik durumunun ve uygun beslenme desteğinin sağlanmasına da bağlıdır. Beslenme, ameliyat sonrası derlenme açısından önemli olmasına rağmen cerrahi hastalarda sıklıkla göz ardı edilmektedir. Açlık ve cerrahi stres, katabolik reaksiyonu başlatarak organ disfonksiyonuna, yara iyileşmesinde gecikmeye, ameliyat sonrası enfeksiyonlara morbidite ve mortalite artışına, hastane yatışında uzamaya ve maliyet artışına neden olmaktadır. Perioperatif süreçte beslenme ile ilişkili komplikasyonların önlenmesinde kanıt temelli doğru beslenme uygulamaları olumlu hasta sonuçlarını desteklemektedir. Ameliyat sürecinde güncel yaklaşımlar ve kanıta dayalı uygulamalar ile hastanın doğru beslenmesi sağlanarak, katabolizmanın azaltılması ve anabolizmanın desteklenmesi ile ameliyat sonrası daha hızlı bir iyileşme sağlanabilir. Cerrahi hastasının beslenmesi multidisipliner bir ekip yaklaşımını gerektirir. Cerrahi stres sürecinin azaltılmasında multidisipliner ekipte anahtar rolü olan hemşireler, güncel beslenme önerileri çerçevesinde hastanın beslenmesini optimal düzeyde desteklemelidirler. Bu derlemenin amacı, cerrahi girişim geçiren hastada beslenme yönetiminin önemini vurgulamak, perioperatif süreçte doğru beslenmeyi güncel uygulamalarla ortaya koymaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Beslenme, cerrahi travma, hemşire, kanıt temelli uygulama

Current Approaches in Patient Nutrition During The Surgical Process

Surgical trauma initiates a catabolic process which threatens homeostasis with the response of neurohormonal stress which it creates. Resilience after surgical trauma is related not only to technical surgical skills, but also to the patient’s metabolic condition and the provision of suitable nutritional support. Nutrition, despite being important for resilience after surgery, is often overlooked in surgical patients. Hunger and surgical stress initiate a catabolic reaction, which causes organ dysfunction, slower wound healing, postoperative infections and an increase in morbidity and mortality, a longer stay in hospital and increased costs. Evidence-based correct nutrition supports positive patient outcomes in the prevention of complications related to nutrition in the perioperative period. Ensuring correct nutrition of the patient by up-to-date approaches and evidence-based practices can allow a quicker postoperative recovery by reducing catabolism and supporting anabolism. Nutrition of surgical patients requires a multidisciplinary team approach. Nurses, who have a key role in the multidisciplinary team in reducing the surgical stress process, should optimally support the patient’s nutrition within the framework of current dietary recommendations. The aim of this compilation was to emphasize the importance of nutrition management in patients undergoing surgical intervention, and to set out current practices in correct nutrition in the perioperative period..

Keywords:

nutrition, surgical trauma, nurse, Evidence based practice,

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