Kaan ÇEYLAN, Tekin KARSLIGİL, Feyza Nur AŞKIN, Gülsüm KAYA ÖZEN

Bölgemizde Uygulanan Biontech ve Sinovac Aşılarına Karşı Gelişen Antikor Yanıtının Değerlendirilmesi

Amaç: SARS-CoV-2’nin yol açtığı COVİD-19 pandemisi başladığı günden bugüne etkisini arttırarak, dünya genelinde milyonlarca insanı enfekte etmiş ve ciddi oranda ölümlere yol açmıştır. Halen etkili ve kesin bir tedavi ya da profilaksi yönteminin bulunamamış olması aşı çalışmalarının önemini daha çok arttırmıştır. Ülkemizde 14 Ocak 2021 tarihi itibariyle başta sağlık çalışanları olmak üzere tüm vatandaşlara CoronaVac (Sinovac) ve Pfizer-Biontech aşıları uygulanmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada ülkemizde aktif olarak uygulanan bu iki aşının etkinlikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Yöntem: Çalışmaya daha önce klinik, radyolojik ya da PCR yöntemlerle COVİD-19 tanısı konulmamış olan 84 gönüllü dahil edilmiştir. Gönüllülerden aşı uygulamasından önce ve ilk doz aşı uygulamasının üzerinden 1 aylık bir süre geçtikten sonra serum örnekleri alınmıştır. Alınan serum örneklerinden, Enzim Linked Immun Sorbent Assay (ELISA) yöntemiyle SARS-CoV-2 IgG düzeyleri ölçülerek, iki farklı aşının etkinlikleri açısından incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya 39’u kadın, 45’i erkek olmak üzere, 84 gönüllü dahil olmuş; 50 gönüllü CoronaVac (Sinovac), 34 gönüllü ise Pfizer-Biontech aşısını tercih etmişlerdir. CoronaVac (Sinovac) aşısı uygulanan 13, Pfizer-Biontech aşısı uygulanan 4 gönüllünün aşı öncesi SARS-CoV-2 IgG antikor titreleri pozitif olarak saptanmıştır. Aşı öncesi SARS-CoV-2 IgG antikor titreleri negatif olan gönüllülerden; tek doz CoronaVac (Sinovac) aşısı uygulananlarda %67,6 (25/37), tek doz Pfizer-Biontech aşısı uygulananlarda %100 (30/30) oranında seropozitiflik tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Çalışmaya katılan gönüllülerin 17'sinde (%20,2) aşı öncesi seropozitiflik saptandı. Çalışma öncesi seronegatif olan gönüllülerden; CoronaVac-Sinovac ile aşılananların %67.6'sı; Pfizer-Biontech ile aşılananların %100'ünde aşı sonrası seropozitiflik gelişmiştir. Çalışmada Pfizer-Biontech aşısının tek doz aşılamadan sonra bağışıklık sistemini daha iyi uyardığı görülüyor.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

biontech, COVİD-19, pandemi, sinovac

Evaluation of Antibody Response to Biontech and Sinovac Vaccines Applied in Our Region

Objective:The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has increased its impact since the day it started, infecting millions of people around the world and causing serious deaths.The fact that an effective and definitive treatment or prophylaxis method has not yet been found has increased the importance of vaccine studies.As of January 14, 2021, CoronaVac (Sinovac) and Pfizer-Biontech vaccines have been started to be administered to all citizens, starting from healthcare professionals in our country. In this study, the efficacy of these two vaccines, which are actively applied in our country, was evaluated. Method:Eighty-four volunteers who had not previously experienced COVID-19 by clinical, radiological or PCR method were included in the study.Serum samples were taken from the volunteers before the vaccine administration and 1 month after the first dose of vaccine administration.SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were measured from the serum samples taken by ELISA method and examined in terms of the efficacy of two different vaccines. Result:84 volunteers, including 39 women and 45 men, were included in the study; 50 volunteers preferred CoronaVac (Sinovac) and 34 volunteers preferred Pfizer-Biontech vaccine. Pre-vaccine SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titers of 13 volunteers administered CoronaVac (Sinovac) vaccine and 4 volunteers administered Pfizer-Biontech vaccine were positive.Of the volunteers whose pre-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titers were negative; Seropositivity rate was 67.6% (25/37) in those who received a single dose of CoronaVac (Sinovac) vaccine, and 100% (30/30) in those who received a single dose of Pfizer-Biontech vaccine. Conclusion: Pre-vaccine seropositivity was detected in 17 (20.2%) of the volunteers participating in the study. Of the volunteers who were seronegative before the study; 67.6% of those vaccinated with CoronaVac-Sinovac; Post-vaccine seropositivity developed in 100% of those vaccinated with Pfizer-Biontech. In the study, it is seen that the Pfizer-Biontech vaccine induces the immune system better after a single dose vaccination.

Keywords:

biontech, COVID-19, pandemic, sinovac,

PDF

___

Saif LJ, Wang Q, Vlasova AN, Jung K, Xiao S. Coronaviruses. In: Jeffrey JZ, Locke AK, eds. Diseases of swine. 1st ed. NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc:2019.p.488-523.
Chen B, Tian E, He B, Tian L, Han R, Wang S et al. Overview of lethal human coronaviruses. Signal transduction target ther. 2020;5(1):1-16.
Isba R, Edge R, Jenner R, Broughton E, Francis N, Butler J. Where have all the children gone? Decreases in paediatric emergency department attendances at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020. Arch Dis Child. 2020;105(7):704.
Hasöksüz M, Selçuk K, Fahriye S. Coronaviruses and sars-cov-2. Turk J Med Sci. 2020;50:549-556.
Walls A, Park Y, Tortorici MA, Wall A, McGuire A, Veesler D. Structure, function and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. Cell. 2020;181(2):281-292.
Felsenstein S, Herbert JA, McNamara PS, Hedrich CM. COVID-19: Immunology and treatment options. Clin Immunol. 2020;215:108448
Çakır KR, Tokyay BK, Yolalan G, Şerefoğlu B, Balaban BG, Tanyeri Y ve ark. Sars-Cov-2’ye karşı geliştirilen aşılar ve üretim metotları, Türkiye Sağlık Enstitüleri Başkanlığı Dergisi. 2021;4(2):14-32.
Polack FP, Thomas SJ, Kitchin N, Absalon J, Gurtman A, Lockhart S et al. Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine, N Engl J Med 2020;383(27):2603-2615.
Voysey M, Clemens SAC, Madhi SA, Weckx LY, Folegatti PM, Aley PK et al. Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK. Lancet. 2021;397(10269):99–111.
Tanriover MD, Doğanay HL, Akova M, Güner HR, Azap A, Akhan S et al. Efficacy and safety of an inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac): interim results of a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial in Turkey. Lancet. 2021;398(10296):213–22.
Jara A, Undurraga EA, González C, Paredes F, Fontecilla T, Jara G et al. Effectiveness of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Chile. N Engl J Med. 2021;2;385(10):875-884.
Feng S, Phillips DJ, White T, Sayal H, Aley PK, Bibi S et al. Correlates of protection against symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Med. 2021;27(11):2032-2040.
Bergwerk M, Gonen T, Lustig Y, Amit S, Lipsitch M, Cohen C et al. COVID-19 breakthrough infections in vaccinated health care workers. N Engl J Med, 2021;385:1474-1484.
Guiomar R, Santos AJ, Melo AM, Costa I, Matos, R, Rodrigues AP et al. High correlation between binding IgG (anti-RBD/S) and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 six months after vaccination. medRxiv. 2021. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.10.21267607
Zee JST, Lai KTW, Ho MKS, Leung ACP, Chan QWL, Ma ESK et al. Serological response to mRNA and inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in healthcare workers in Hong Kong: preliminary results. Hong Kong Med J. 2021;27(4):312-313.
Lim WW, Mak L, Leung GM, Crowling BJ, Peiris M. Comparative immunogenicity of mRNA and inactivated vaccines against COVID-19. Lancet Microbe. 2021;2(9):423.
Seyahi, E, Bakhdiyarli G, Oztas M, Kuskucu MA, Tok Y, Sut N. Antibody response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (CoronaVac) in immune-mediated diseases: A controlled study among hospital workers and elderly. Rheumatol Int. 2021;41(8):1429-1440.
Ishii N, Hatakeyama S, Yoneyama T, Tanaka R, Narita T, Fujita N et al. Humoral response after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in patients with prostate cancer using steroids. Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations. 2022;40(10):451-461.
Sauré D, O’Ryan M, Torres JP, Zuniga M, Santelices E, Basso LJ. Dynamic IgG seropositivity after rollout of CoronaVac and BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccines in Chile: a sentinel surveillance study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022;22(1):56-63.
Fischinger S, Boudreau CM, Butler AL, Streeck H, Alter G. Sex differences in vaccine-induced humoral immunity. Semin Immunopathol. 2019;41:239–249.
Garcia-Basteiro AL, Moncunill G, Tortajada M, Vidal M, Guinovart C, Jimenez A et al. Seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among health care workers in a large Spanish reference hospital. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):3500.
Özdemir A, Demir Çuha M, Telli Dizman G, Alp A, Metan G, Şener B et al. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among healthcare workers: retrospective analysis of the data from a university hospital in Turkey. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2021;55(2):223-232.
Shields A, Faustini SE, Perez-Toledo M, Jossi S, Aldera E, Allen JD et al. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and asymptomatic viral carriage in healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study. Thorax. 2020;75(12):1089-1094.
Han, H, Xu Z, Cheng X, Zhong Y, Yuan L, Wang F et al. Descriptive, retrospective study of the clinical characteristics of asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. Sphere. 2020;5(5):922-20.
Kronbichler A, Kresse D, Yoon S, Lee KH, Effenberger M, Shin J. Asymptomatic patients as a source of COVID-19 infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;98:180-186.