Dyes which are discharged without being controlled reach to the human beings by food chain and threaten their health. 10-20 percent of synthetic dyes are discharged without being controlled to the waste waters after the dyeing process. In this study, the genotoxicity of synthetic direct ve dyes are searched by umu test (Salmonella thyphimurium TA1535/pSK1002) which is short term bacterial test system. Concentrations of 400 µg/ml, 120 µg/ml, 40 µg/ml and 4 µg/ml of dye solutions are prepared. By using S9 fraction, the biotransformation effects of the dyes in an organism at the presence of liver enzymes are researched. In this study, Direct Yellow 86, Direct Orange 39, Direct Blue 200, Direct Yellow 142 ve Direct Red 243 synthetic dyes are studied. At the end of the study,  Direct Blue 200have mutagenic effects at the presence of S9 fraction at 400µg/ml and 120µg/ml concentration also Direct Blue 200 has mutagenic effect at the absence of S9 fraction at 400µg/ml concentration.

ÖZET : Kontrolsüz deşarjla atılan boyarmaddeler ulaştıkları ortamdan besin zinciri yoluyla insana kadar ulaşmakta ve insan sağlığını tehdit etmektedir. Tekstil endüstrisinde kullanılan sentetik boyarmaddelerin %10-20 miktarı boyama işlemi sonrası atık sularla kontrolsüz olarak deşarj edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, sentetik direkt boyarmaddelerin genotoksik özelliği, kısa zamanlı bakteriyel test sistemi olan umu-test (Salmonella thyphimurium TA1535/pSK1002) ile araştırıldı. Boyarmaddelerin 400 µg/ml, 120 µg/ml, 40 µg/ml ve 4 µg/ml konsantrasyonlarda çözeltileri hazırlanıp, S9 fraksiyonu kullanılarak boyarmaddelerin karaciğer enzimleri varlığında organizmadaki biyotransformasyon etkilerine bakılmıştır. Çalışmada Direct Yellow 86, Direct Orange 39, Direct Blue 200, Direct Yellow 142 ve Direct Red 243 sentetik boyarmaddeleri araştırıldı. Araştırma sonucunda, Direct Blue 200, S9 farksiyonu varlığında 400 µg/ml ve 120 µg/ml konsantrasyonda, Direct Blue 200'ün S9 fraksiyonu yokluğunda 400 µg/ml konsantrasyonda mutajenik etkiye sahip oldukları belirlendi. Anahtar Kelimeler:  Genotoksik, Mutajenik, Direkt boyarmadde, Salmonella thyphimurium,  Umu-Test   Investigation of Mutagenic Effects of Some Synthetic Direct Dyes in Textile Industry by Using Umu-Test   ABSTRACT: Dyes which are discharged without being controlled reach to the human beings by food chain and threaten their health. 10-20 percent of synthetic dyes are discharged without being controlled to the waste waters after the dyeing process. In this study, the genotoxicity of synthetic direct ve dyes are searched by umu test (Salmonella thyphimurium TA1535/pSK1002) which is short term bacterial test system. Concentrations of 400 µg/ml, 120 µg/ml, 40 µg/ml and 4 µg/ml of dye solutions are prepared. By using S9 fraction, the biotransformation effects of the dyes in an organism at the presence of liver enzymes are researched. In this study, Direct Yellow 86, Direct Orange 39, Direct Blue 200, Direct Yellow 142 ve Direct Red 243 synthetic dyes are studied. At the end of the study,  Direct Blue 200 have mutagenic effects at the presence of S9 fraction at 400 µg/ml and 120 µg/ml concentration also Direct Blue 200 has mutagenic effect at the absence of S9 fraction at 400 µg/ml concentration. Keywords: Genotoxicity, Mutagenic, Direct dyes, Salmonella thyphimurium, Umu-Test