GELİR EŞİTSİZLİĞİ ve YENİ KAMUSAL MÜDAHALE İHTİYACI: ABD ve AVRUPA ÖRNEKLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Tarihsel veriler göstermektedir ki, gelir eşitsizliği 1980'lerden beri istikrarlı biçimde artmaktadır. Öyle ki, gelir eşitsizliği günümüzde başta ABD'de olmak üzere birçok yerde 20. yüzyılın başındaki düzeye tekrar ulaşmıştır. Söz konusu yönelimin başlıca nedeni neo-liberal anlayıştır. Neo-liberal politikalarla ekonomik alan kamusal/siyasal alan ve müdahaleden uzaklaşmış, sözde serbestiyet ve özerklik kazanmıştır. Diğer yandan, evrensellik arz eden gelir eşitsizliği artışı, ABD ve Avrupa'da farklı biçim ve düzeyde belirmektedir. Bu farklılaşmanın temelinde ekonomik ve toplumsal yaşama dair devlete biçilen rol yer almaktadır. Tüm aksi söylemlere karşın, olgular ve istatistikler, gelir eşitsizliğinin azaltılması konusunda devletin halen önemli bir araç olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Avrupa ülkeleri ile ABD’nin gelir eşitsizliği karşılaştırıldığında sosyal devletin önemi ve gerekliliği somutlaşmaktadır.

INCOME INEQUALITY AND THE NEED FOR NEO-PUBLIC INTERVENTIONISM: COMPARISON OF U.S. AND EUROPE

Historical data show that income inequality has been steadily increasing since the1980s. In fact, income inequality has reached the level of the early 20th century in many countries, especially in the USA. The main reason for this trend is the neoliberal understanding. With neo-liberal policies, the economic sphere has distanced itself from the public/political sphere and intervention, and has gainedso-called autonomy. On the other hand, the increase in income inequality, which is universal, appears in different forms and levels in the USA and Europe. Thebasis of this differentiation lies in the role of the state in economic and social life. Despite all contradictory discourses, facts and statistics indicate that the state isstill an important tool in reducing income inequality. When the income inequality of the European countries and the USA are compared, the importance and necessity of the social state becomes concrete.

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