Türkiye’de Ensest Konulu Akademik Makalelerde Anneyi Suçlama
Ensest, anne, baba, aile üyesi veya akraba tarafından çocuğun cinsel ya da cinselliği ima eden davranışlarla sözlü, sözsüz, görsel ya da fiziksel olarak istismar edilmesidir. Bu konuda yapılan çalışmalara göre ensestin failleri genellikle erkeklerdir, fakat ensest görülen ailelerde anneyi suçlamak yaygın bir eğilimdir. Bu eğilim akademik çalışmalarda da görülmektedir. Batı ülkelerinde ensest üzerine yapılan çalışmaların analizinde anneyi suçlamanın, annenin ensestteki rolü, annenin kişiliği, annenin rolleri ve ensest açığa çıkarken veya çıktıktan sonra annenin tepkisi konularında yoğunlaştığı belirtilmektedir. Anneyi suçlama ataerkil annelik anlayışının, kurumun ideoloji ve pratiklerinin bir parçasıdır. Bu nedenle makalede, feminist eleştirel söylem analizinin eşitsiz güç ilişkilerini ifşa etmek için araç olmasından yararlanarak, EBSCO ve Google Scholar veri tabanlarından erişilebilen, 2001 ve 2017 yılları arasında yayımlanmış ensesti konu edinen yirmi dört akademik metinde ataerkil annelik kavrayışına ve ideolojisine içkin anneyi suçlamanın yer alıp almadığı araştırılmıştır. Türkiye’de, ensest üzerine yazılan makalelerde anneyi suçlamaya eleştirel yaklaşan iki makale dışında anne çalışma konusu edilmez. Analiz edilen makalelerin bir kısmı, anneyi suçlamayı söylemlerinde içermektedir. Anneyi suçlama söylemi genellikle metinlerarasılıkla, diğer bir deyişle anneyi suçlayan çalışmalara referans verilmesiyle bu metinlere dahil edilmiştir. Makalelerin söylemleri tıbbi, adli kurumlarla, üniversitelerle ve bu kurumlarda çalışan uzmanların pratikleri ve ideolojileri ile etkileşim içindedir. Bağlı olarak makalelerin söylemi mevcut ataerkil annelik ideoloji ve pratiklerini yeniden üretip güçlendirebilir ya da aksine anneyi suçlamaya karşı itirazı destekleyebilir.
Mother Blaming in Academic Articles about Incest in Turkey
Incest is sexual abuse of a child physically, verbally or visually by his/her mother, father, by a family member or a relative. According to the studies conducted on incest, the abusers are mainly male members of the family; nevertheless, it is a general tendency to blame mothers for the incest. There are also academic studies that blame mothers for the incest occurred in the family. The analysis of studies done in western countries which blame mothers for incest shows that mothers are accused of having a role in incest, or blamed for their personality, their failure of motherhood roles and, for their reaction to incest after the incest is revealed. Mother blaming is part of the patriarchal institution of motherhood’s ideology and practices. For this reason, in this article, having applied the feminist discourse analysis as a tool for revealing the unequal power relations, twenty-four academic articles about incest are analysed. The articles were published between the years 2001 and 2017 and accessed from EBSCO and Google Scholar databases. In Turkey, apart from two articles critical of the mother blaming, mothers are not the primary focus of the academic articles about incest. Some of the articles have the discourse of the mother blaming, however, mother blaming is included within the text generally by intertextuality, in other words, by the quotations from other studies which blame mothers in incest cases. The discourses of those articles are intertwined with the ideology and practices of the legal experts, physicians, academics and some other experts. Thus, the discourses of the articles are able to strengthen and reproduce the ideology and practices of patriarchal institution of motherhood or, on the contrary, are able to defend the opposition to mother blaming.
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