Vahide ULUSOY GÖKÇEK, Zahide TEPELİ TEMİZ

Düşük ve Orta Gelirli Türk Kadınlarında Depresyon ve Anksiyete: Baş Etme ve Kişisel ve Çevresel Kaynakların Rolü

Giriş: Ruhsal iyiliğin psikososyal teorisine göre stresle baş etme, sosyoekonomik durum, çevresel kaynak olan alınan ile algılanan sosyal destek ve kişisel kaynak olan öz yeterlik psikolojik iyi oluşu etkileyebilmektedir. Bu çalışma alt ve orta gelirli Türk kadınlarının iyi oluşları ve psikolojik kaynaklarındaki farklılıklarını incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Ayrıca sivil toplum kuruluşundan (STK) destek almanın düşük gelirli kadınların psikolojik iyi oluşuyla ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Son olarak, farklı gelir düzeylerine sahip Türk kadınları arasında, gelir düzeyi, öz-yeterlik, algılanan sosyal destek ve stresle başa çıkma tarzlarının depresyon ve anksiyete ile ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Yöntem: 129 kişilik örneklemin (Ortyaş = 39.12) 60’ı orta gelirli, 69’u düşük gelirlidir. Ayrıca düşük gelirli kadınların 28’i STK’dan destek almaktadır. Bulgular: Bulgular orta gelirli kadınların daha etkili başa çıktığını ve daha fazla sosyal destek algıladığını, düşük gelirli kadınların ise anlamlı düzeyde daha fazla depresif belirti yaşadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Düşük gelirli katılımcılar arasında, bir STK tarafından desteklenen kadınlar, destek almayanlara kıyasla düzeyde daha fazla depresyon ve anksiyete semptomları bildirmiş, daha az sos-yal destek algılamış ve daha düşük düzeyde etkili baş etme göstermiştir. Hiyerarşik regresyon analizi stresle başa çıkma tarzları, öz yeterlik, gelir düzeyi ve algılanan sosyal desteğin depresyon ile anlamlı bir şekilde ilişkili olduğunu, anksiyete belirtilerinin stresle başa çıkma tarzları ve algılanan sosyal destekle ilişkili olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuç: Baş etme ve öz yeterlik gibi kişisel kaynaklar, depresyon ve anksiyeteyi yordayan en belirginfaktörler gibi görünmektedir. Bununla birlikte, yoksulluk hâlâ iyi oluşu engelleyen önemli bir çevresel risk faktörüdür.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Anksiyete, baş etme, depresyon, gelir düzeyi, kadın, sosyal destek

Depression and Anxiety among Low and Middle-Income Turkish Women: The Roles of Coping, and Personal and Environmental Resources

Introduction: Psychosocial theory of mental well-being suggests that coping, socioeconomic status, environmental resources such as perceived and received social support, and personal resources such as self-efficacy can be related to psychological well-being. The current study aims to discuss differences in well-being and psychological resources of Turkish women with low and middle-income. It also aims to examine the differences among lower-income women’s well-being according to receiving non-governmental organization (NGO) support. Finally, it studies the link between income level, self-efficacy, perceived social support, ways of coping with stress, depression, and anxiety among Turkish women with different income levels. Method: Out of 129 women participated in the study (Mage = 39.12), 60 are with middle-income, and 69 are with low-income. Twenty-eight of those with low income receive NGO support. Results: Findings indicates that middle-income women are coping more effectively and have higher perceived social support, while low-income women significantly report more depressive symptoms. Low-income women with NGO support report more symptoms, perceive less social support, and are coping less effectively than women without NGO support. Hierarchical regression analysis reveals that coping styles, self-efficacy, income level, and perceived social support are associated with depression. Moreover, coping styles and perceived social support are related to anxiety. Conclusion: Personal resources like coping and self-efficacy seem to be the most significant predictors of depression and anxiety. However, poverty is still a serious environmental risk to well-being.

Keywords:

Anxiety, coping, depression, income level, social support, women,

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