Sabtanti HARİMURTİ, Angelina MAWARNİ, Ika Sevi DERİYANTİ, Hari WİDADA, Dyani Primasari SUKAMDİ

The Analytical Survey of Mercury Content in Whitening Cream Sold in Banjarnegara Regency's Traditional Market

Whitening cream is a mixture of active substances and the other additives that can be used to brighten the skin. Mercury is one of the whitening ingredients of the creams that can cause health problems when it is absorbed into the tissue. This study aims to identify whether there is a mercury content and how much mercury is contained in the whitening cream, which does not have a BPOM RI registration number (National Agency of Food and Drug Control, Republic of Indonesia) circulating in the market in Banjarnegara regency, Central Java, Indonesia. This research was conducted with purposive sampling, and 20 samples were obtained from the traditional market in Banjarnegara regency. The qualitative analysis method used the Potassium Iodide (KI) color reaction test and amalgam formation with copper rods, while the quantitative analysis used the Cold Vapor Mercury Analyzer at a wavelength of 253.7 nm. The results showed the presence of three positive samples containing mercury at average levels of 0.04217 mg / kg (ppm), 0.01814 mg / kg, and 0.91000 mg / kg. These findings suggest that mercury was added at the whitening cream and distributed in the market. Customers should be more careful when choosing a whitening cream to prevent health problems.

Keywords:

Amalgam test and Mercury Analyzer-CV, KI Test, Mercury, Whitening cream,

PDF

___

1. Juliana Anggraeni V, Yuliantini A, Rahmawati F, Studi PS, Farmakokimia R, Tinggi Farmasi Bandung Jalan Soekarno Hatta no S. Analisis cemaran logam berat merkuri dalam krim pemutih wajah yangberedar dipasar tradisional dengan metode spektrofotometri serapanatom. J Pharmacopolium [Internet]. 2018 Sep 3 [cited 2022 Jul 28];1(1):44–50.
2. BPOMRI. Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Tentang Persyaratan Teknis Bahan Kosmetika. 2019.
3. Pangaribuan L. Efek samping kosmetik dan penangananya bagi kaum perempuan. J Kel SEHAT Sejah [Internet]. 2018 Jan 3 [cited 2022 Jul 28];15(2):20–8.
4. Parengkuan K, Fatimawali F, Citraningtyas G. Analisis kandungan merkuri pada krim pemutih yang beredar di kota manado. Pharmacon [Internet]. 2013 Feb 1 [cited 2022 Jul 28];2(1).
5. USFDA. Food and Drug Administration Department of Health and Human Services. 2011. Part 700-General. Subpart B-Requirements for specific cosmetic products. 700.13 Use of mercury compounds in cosmetics including use as skin bleaching agents in cosmetic preparatio. 2011.
6. BPOMRI. Public Warning nomor B-IN.05.03.1.43.12.17.5965 tanggal 11 Desember 2017 tentang Kosmetika mengandung bahan berbahaya. Keputusan kepala badan pengawas obat dan makanan Republik Indonesia. Jakarta; 2017.
7. Wurdiyanto G. Merkuri, bahayanya dan pengukurannya. 2007.
8. Mona RK. Analisis kandungan merkuri (hg) pada beberapa krim pemutih wajah tanpa ijin bpom yang beredar di pasar 45 manado. Pharmacon [internet]. 2018 Jul 1 [cited 2022 Jul 29];7(3).
9. Walangitan VM, Rorong JA, Sudewi S. Analisis merkuri (Hg) pada krim pemutih wajah yang beredar di kota manado. Pharmacon [Internet]. 2018 Jul 1 [cited 2022 Jul 29];7(3).
10. WHO. Mercury in Skin Lightening Products. Geneva: Public Health and Environment; 2011.
11. Tranggono, R.I.; Latifah F. Buku Pegangan Dasar Kosmetologi. Jakarta: Sagung Seto; 2014.
12. Sembel D. Toksikologi Lingkungan. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi; 2015.
13. Wang L, Zhang H. Mercury content in marketed cosmetics: analytical survey in Shijiazhuang, China. [Internet]. 2015 Oct 2 [cited 2022 Jul 29];34(4):322–6.
14. Mayaserli DP, Sasmita W. Pemeriksaan kadar merkuri dan keluhan kesehatan dalam darah wanita pemakai krim pemutih dengan metoda inductively coupled plasma. Sainstek J Sains dan Teknol [Internet]. 2017 Mar 15 [cited 2022 Jul 29];8(2):159–65.
15. Sari AK, Saputera MMA, Ayuchecaria N, Pratiwi ME. Analisis kualitatif merkuri pada lotion pemutih yang dijual di online shop daerah kota banjarmasin. J Ilm Ibnu Sina [Internet]. 2017 Apr 11 [cited 2022 Jul 29];2(1):13–9.
16. Erasiska, Bali S, Hanifah TA. Analisis Kandungan Logam Timbal, Kadmium dan Merkuri dalam Produk Krim Pemutih Wajah. J Online Mhs Fak Mat dan Ilmu Pengetah Alam Univ Riau. 2015;2(1).
17. Sun GF, Hu WT, Yuan ZH, Zhang BA, Lu H. Characteristics of mercury intoxication induced by skin-lightening products. Chin Med J (Engl) [Internet]. 2017 Dec 20 [cited 2022 Oct 7];130(24):3003–4. Available from: www.cmj.org.
18. Svehla G. Vogel Bagian I. Buku teks Analisis Anorganik Kualitatif Makro dan Semimikro. Jakarta; 1990.
19. Madania M, Martani MM. Analisis Logam Merkuri (Hg) Pada Krim Pemutih Wajah Merek X Dengan Metode Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom (SSA). Al-Kimia. 2014;2(2).
20. Kala’lembang C, Pinontoan OR, Ratag BT. Kandungan merkuri pada losion pemutih tangan dan badan yang digunakan oleh masyarakat di kelurahan tataaran patar kecamatan tondano selatan kabupaten minahasa. Pharmacon. 2016;5(2).
21. LPPTUGM. Metode Uji Mercury AnalyzerI Dokumen RDP/5.10.2/LPPT Rev 1. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada; 2019.
22. Male YT, Nanlohy AC, Asriningsih. Introduction analysis of several levels of the mercury (hg) in shells. Ind J Chem Res . 2014;2:136–41.
23. Kebbekus B. Sample Preparation Techniques in Analytical Chemistry. Mitra S, editor. New York: Interscience Then John Wiley; 2003. 227–270 p.
24. Ariska Trisnawati F, Herlina Yulianti C, Gusti Ebtavanny T, Program Studi III Farmasi MD, Farmasi Surabaya A, Ilmu Kimia B, et al. Identifikasi Kandungan Merkuri pada Beberapa Krim Pemutih yang Beredar di Pasaran (Studi dilakukan di Pasar DTC Wonokromo Surabaya). J Pharmasci (Journal Pharm Sci [Internet]. 2017 Jul 7 [cited 2022 Jul 30];2(2):35–40.
25. Rohaya U, Ibrahim N, Jurusan J, Fakultas F. Analisis Kandungan Merkuri (Hg) Pada Krim Pemutih Wajah Tidak Terdaftar Yang Beredar Di Pasar Inpres Kota Palu: J Farm Galen (Galenika J Pharmacy) [Internet]. 2017 Mar 1 [cited 2022 Jul 30];3(1):77–83.
26. Rakhmina D, Joko Kartiko Jurusan Analis Kesehatan Poltekkes Kemenkes Banjarmasin Jl Mistar Cokrokusumo J. Logam Merkuri pada Masker Pemutih Wajah di Pasar Martapura. Med Lab Technol J [Internet]. 2017 Dec 29 [cited 2022 Jul 30];3(2):53–7.
27. Rasyid R, Susanti E, Azhar R. Pemeriksaan Kualitatif Hidrokuinon dan Merkuri dalam Krim Pemutih. J Farm Higea [Internet]. 2017 Feb 22 [cited 2022 Jul 30];7(1):63–73. .
28. Lajunen L. Spectrochemical analysis by atomic absorption and emission. London: Royal Society of Chemistry; 2007.