Bioassay-Guided Separation Approach for Characterization of New Antibacterial Fractions from the Stem Roots Extracts of Archidendron jiringa

Infectious diseases caused by bacteria has become a global health issue, especially antibacterial drug resistance. The most serious concern with antibacterial resistance is that some bacteria became resistant to almost all antibacterial drugs, which makes them less effective. Archidendron jiringa is one of the most potent medicinal plants to be developed as a new source of antibacterial components. In current study, based on the antibacterial assay-guided approach, the separation of bioactive fractions of A. jiringa stem roots was carried out through several stages including isolation, fractionation, and characterization. The stages of isolation of secondary metabolites were conducted by gradually extraction followed by fractionation using chromatographic methods. The antibacterial potential of extracts was evaluated by the disc diffusion and microdilution methods employing the resazurin assay against one Gram-negative resistant bacteria, Escherichia coli, and one Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis. Among three extracts obtained, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts demonstrated the most significant antibacterial effects, while no antibacterial activity was showed on the hexane extract. The fractionation of ethyl acetate extract led to the isolation of the most bioactive fractions (E2815 and E2816) with the MIC’s values ranging of 12.5–25 µg/mL for both resistant bacteria. Due to less quantity, only the fraction E2816 was subjected to analysis by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The results exhibited that the bioactive fraction was obtained as a mixture of at least three major constituents. However, the purification of the bioactive fraction is required, to further clarify the antibacterial compound that can be utilized as a new promising antibacterial agent. The bioassay-guided separation approach and the dye resazurin as an indicator of the growth of bacteria are applied for the first time for the phytopharmacological investigation from this plant. The present study represented the most effective method for subsequent finding and isolation of potential novel antibacterial constituents from A. jiringa stem roots, in particular against the multi-drug resistant strains.

Keywords:

A. jiringa, antibacterial assay, bioassay-guided separation, medicinal plant,

PDF

___

1. Van TTH, Nguyen HNK, Smooker PJ, Coloe PJ. The antibiotic resistance characteristics of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica isolated from food-producing animals, retail meat and humans in South East Asia. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2012; 154: 98-106.
2. Sulaiman M, Hassan Y, Taskin-Tok T, Noundou XS. Synthesis, Antibacterial Activity and Docking Studies Of Benzyl Alcohol Derivatives. J. Turk. Chem. Soc. Sect. A: Chem. 2020; 7(2): 481-488. 3. World Health Organization. WHO Global Strategy for Containment of Antimicrobial Resistence. World Health Organization. 2001; 53–55.
4. Oyofo BA, Lesmana M, Subekti D, Tjaniadi P, Larasati W, Putri M, Simanjuntak CH, Punjabi NH, Santoso W, Muzahar, Sukarma, Sriwati, Sarumpaet S, Abdi M, Tjindi R, Ma’ani H, Sumardiati A, Handayani H, Campbell JR, Alexander WA, Beecham III HJ, Corwin AL. Surveillance of bacterial pathogens of diarrhea disease in Indonesia. Diagn. Mic. Infec. Dis, 2002; 44: 227-234.
5. Annissa, Suhartati T, Yandri, Hadi S. Antibacterial Activity of Diphenyltin(IV) and Triphenyltin(IV) 3-Chlorobenzoate againts Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Orient. J. Chem. 2017; 33: 1133-1139.
6. Hadi S, Hermawati E, Noviany, Suhartati T, Yandri. Antibacterial Activity Test of DiphenyltinIV) Dibenzoate and Triphenyltin(IV) Benzoate Compounds against Bacillus substilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Asian J. Microbiol. Biotech. Env. Sci. 2018; 20; 113-119.
7. Bischoff KM, White DG, Mcdermott PF, Zhao S, Gaines S, Maurer JJ. Characterization of Chloramphenicol Resistance in Beta-Hemolytic Escherichia coli Associated with Diarrhea in Neonatal Swine. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2002; 40: 389–394.
8. Bischoff KM, White DG, Hume ME, Poole TL, Nisbet DJ. The chloramphenicol resistance gene cmlA is disseminated on transferable plasmids that confer multiple-drug resistance in swine Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 2005; 243: 285–291.
9. Stapleton P, Wu PJ, King A, Shannon K, French G, Phillips I. Incidence and mechanisms of resistance to the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in Escherichia coli. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1995; 39: 2478–2483.
10. Küçük S, Soyer P, Tunali Y. Determination of Antimicrobial and Biological Activities of Salvia sclarea L. (Lamiaceae) Extracts. J. Turk. Chem. Soc. Sect. A: Chem. 2019; 6 (1): 15–20.
11. Noviany N, Samadi A, Carpenter EL, Abugrain ME, Hadi S, Purwitasari N, Indra G, Indra A, Mahmud T. Structural revision of sesbagrandiflorains A and B, and synthesis and biological evaluation of 6-methoxy-2-arylbenzofuran derivatives. J. Nat. Med. 2020; August (online first).
12. Noviany N, Osman H, Mohamad S, Hadi S. Antibacterial activity of extracts and compounds from the roots of Sesbania grandiflora (Leguminosae). Res. J. Chem. Environ. 2020; 24(8): 108-113.
13. Hadi S, Noviany. The Isolation of Hopeaphenol, a Tetramer Stilbene, from Shorea ovalis Blume. Adv. Nat. Appl. Sci. 2009; 3(1): 107-112.
14. Suhartati T, Yandri, Suwandi JF, Hadi S. In vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity of oxyresveratrol and artonine isolated from two Artocarpus plants in Indonesia. Orient. J. Chem. 2010; 26(3): 825-830.
15. Noviany N, Nurhidayat A, Hadi S, Suhartati T, Aziz M, Purwitasari N, Subasman I. Sesbagrandiflorain A and B: isolation of two new 2-arylbenzofurans from the stem bark of Sesbania grandiflora. Nat. Prod. Res. 2018; 32(21): 2558-2564.
16. Suhartati T, Epriyanti E, Borisha I, Yandri, Suwandi JF, Yuwono SD, Qudus HI, Hadi S. In Vivo Antimalarial Test of Artocarpin and in vitro Antimalarial Test of Artonin M Isolated from Artocarpus. Rev. Chim. 2020; 71(5): 400-408.
17. Noviany N, Samadi A, Yuliyan N, Hadi S, Aziz M, Purwitasari N, Mohamad S, Ismail NN, Gable KP, Mahmud T. Structure characterization and biological activity of 2-arylbenzofurans from an Indonesian plant, Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. Phytochem. Lett. 2020; 35: 211-215.
18. Lim TK. Archidendron jiringa. In: Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants. Springer, Dordrecht. 2012; 835 p.
19. Charungchitrak S, Petsom A, Sangvanich P, Karnchanatat A. Antifungal and antibacterial activities of lectin from the seeds of Archidendron jiringa Nielsen. Food Chem. 2011; 126: 1025-1032.
20. Hasan N, Osman H, Mohamad S, Chong WK, Awang K, Zahariluddin ASM. The Chemical Components of Sesbania grandiflora Root and Their Antituberculosis Activity. Pharmaceuticals. 2012; 5: 882-889.
21. Lubis MY, Siburian R, Marpaung L, Simanjuntak P, Nasution MP. Methyl Gallate from Jiringa (Archidendron Jiringa) and Antioxidant Activity. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res, 2018; 11: 346-350.
22. Laladhas KP, Cheriyan VT, Puliappadamba VT, Bava SV, Unnithan RG, Vijayammal PL, Anto RJ. A novel protein fraction from Sesbania grandiflora shows potential anticancer and chemopreventive efficacy, in vitro and in vivo. J. Cell Mol. Med. 2010;14: 636-646.
23. Gbeassor. M, Kedjagni AY, Koumaglo K, De Souza C, Agbo K, Aklikokou K, Amegbo KA. In vitro antimalarial activity of six medicinal plants. Phytother. Res. 1990; 4: 115–117.
24. Bunawan H, Dusik L, Bunawan SN, Amin NM. Botany, Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Archidendron jiringa: A Review. Global J. Pharmacol. 2013; 7: 474-478.
25. Gul R, Jan SU, Faridullah S, Sherani S, Jahan N. Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, Quantitative Analysis of Alkaloids, and Antioxidant Activity of Crude Plant Extracts from Ephedra intermedia Indigenous to Balochistan. Sci. World. J. 2017; Article ID 5873648.
26. Bauer AW, Kirby WMM, Sheriss JC, Turck M. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1966; 45(4): 493-496.
27. Sarker SD, Nahar L, Kumarasamy Y. Microtitre plate-based antibacterial assay incorporating resazurin as an indicator of cell growth, and its application in the in vitro antibacterial screening of phytochemicals. Methods, 2007; 42: 321-324.
28. Begot C, Desnier I, Daudin JD, Labadie JC, Lebert A. Recommendations for calculating growth parameters by optical density measurements. J. Microbiol. Meth. 1996; 25: 225-232
29. Priya V, Mallika J, Surapaneni KM, Saraswathi P, Chandra SG. Antimicrobacterial Activity of Pericarp Exstract of Garcinia mangostana Linn. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res. 2010; 8: 278-281.
30. Sopian A, Darmawan A, Simanjuntak P. Identification of phenolic compounds in Ethylacetate extract of Jengkol skin fruit. Ej. Poltektegal. 2019; 8: 51-55. (in Indonesian)

Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry-Cover

Başlangıç: 2014
Yayıncı: Türkiye Kimya Derneği

Arşiv