Reducing The Prevalence And Severity Of Injurious Pecking n Laying Hens Without Beak Trimming

Yumurtacı tavuklarda tüyler, kloaka ve kanibalistik gagalama ile kuyruk tüyü çekme davranışlarını tanımlamak için kullanılan yaralayıcı gagalamaların şiddeti çok hafif birkaç tüy çekiminden kanibalizm ve ölüme yol açacak kadar önemli olabilir. Kafeste yetiştirilen tavuklarda görülse de, kanibalizm ve buna bağlı ölümler derin altlık, ızgara altlık gibi kapalı sistemler ile kuşluklu ve serbest dolaşımlı-free range gibi alternatif sistemlerde daha fazla karşılaşılmaktadır. Kötü huylu yaralayıcı gagalama davranışları acı, ağrı, stres ve yaralanmalara yol açıp hastalıklara yakalanma riskini artırmaktadır. Aynı zamanda yumurta verimi ve yemden yararlanma yeteneğini düşürdüğünden yaralayıcı gagalamalar hayvan refahı ve üretim ekonomisini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Günümüz yumurta üretiminde tavuklarda tüy çekme ve gagalamayı önlemek için gaga kesimi ve düşük aydınlatma yoğunluğu yaygın olarak kullanılsa da her iki yöntemde hayvan refahına uygun olmadıkları için eleştirilmektedir. Gaga kesimi bazı Avrupa ülkelerinde hali hazırda yasak olup, diğerlerinde ise 2011 yılında yasaklanması beklenmektedir. Gaga kesimi yasağı ve 2012 yılında başlayacak kafeste yumurta üretimi yasağı ile birlikte tavukçulukta yaralayıcı tüy çekme ve kanibalizm vakalarında önemli bir artış beklenmektedir. Bundan dolayı tavuklarda yaralayıcı gagalama vakalarını önlemek acilen alternatif yöntemlerin geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yaralayıcı gagalamalar, risk faktörleri, önleyici tedbirler, yumurtacı tavuk

Reducing The Prevalence And Severity Of Injurious Pecking n Laying Hens Without Beak Trimming

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