Biyolojik Silah Olarak Hemorajik Fever Virusları: Teşhis, Tedavi ve Kontrol

Hemorajik Fever Virus (HFV)’ları, zoonotik özellik taşıyıp insanlarda “Viral Hemorajik Fever Sendromu” na neden olurlar. Bu viruslar içinde arenaviruslar, bunyaviruslar, flaviviruslar ve filoviruslar yer almaktadır. HFV’ları, Rusya, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve Kuzey Kore tarafından biyolojik silah olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu derlemede, biyolojik silah ajanı olarak kullanılan ve biyoterörizme hizmet edebilecek HFV’ları için çeşitli kamu, özel ve askeri kurum ve kuruluşlarca uygulanılan ve yeni geliştirilen teşhis, tedavi ve kontrol yöntemleri açıklanmıştır

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Hemorajik fever viruslar, biyolojik silahlar, teşhis, tedavi, kontrol

Biyolojik Silah Olarak Hemorajik Fever Virusları: Teşhis, Tedavi ve Kontrol

Keywords:

-,

PDF

___

ALIBEK K, HANDELMAN S. Biohazard: The Chilling True Story of the Largest Covert Biological Weapons Program in the World, Told From the Inside by the Man Who Ran It. Delta Random House, New York, 319,1999.
ANONYMOUS. Management of Patients with Suspected Viral Hemorrhagic Fever-United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1995; 44: 475- 479. Erişim Tarihi: 03.01.2006.
ARMSTRONG LR, DEMBRY LM, RAINEY PM. Management of a Sabia Virus-Infected Patients in a US Hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999; 20: 176-182.
BRAY M. Defense Against Filoviruses Used as Biological Weapons. Antivir Res 2003; 57: 53-60.
BORIO L, INGLESBY T, PETERS CJ, SCHMALJOHN AL, HUGHES JM, JAHRLING PB, KSIAZEK T, JOHNSON KM, MEYERHOFF A, O'TOOLE T, ASCHER MS, BARTLETT J, BREMAN JG, EITZEN EM, HAMBURG M, HAUER J, HENDERSON DA, JOHNSON RT, KWIK G, LAYTON M, LILLIBRIDGE S, NABEL GJ, OSTERHOLM MT, PERL TM, RUSSELL P, TONAT K. Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses as Biological Weapons. J A M A 2002; 287: 2391-2405.
CONNELL N, DATTILO P. Smallpox and Hemorrhagic Bioterrorism. Curr Treat Opt in Infect Dis 2003; 5: 3-9. Viruses: Agents of
DANDAWATE CN, DESAI GB, ACHAR TR, BANERJEE K. Field Evaluation of Formalin Inactivated Kyasanur Forest Disease Virus Tissue Culture Vaccine in 3 Districts of Karnataka State. Indian J Med Res 1994; 99: 152-158.
DOWELL SF, MUKUNU R, KSIAZEK TG, KHAN AS, ROLLIN PE, PETERS CJ. Transmission of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever: A Study of Risk Factors in Family Members, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995. J Infect Dis 1999; 179: 87-91.
FISHER-HOCH SP, HUTWAGNER L, BROWN B, McCORMICK JB. Effective Vaccine for Lassa Fever. J Virol 2000; 74: 6777-6783.
FRANZ DR, JAHRLING PB, FRIEDLANDER AM. Clinical Recognition and Management of Patients Exposed to Biological Warfare Agents. J A M A, 1997; 278: 399-411.
GARNER JS. Guideline for Isolation Precautions in Hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1996; 17: 53-80.
GEISBERT TW, PUSHKO P, ANDERSON K. Evaluation in Nonhuman Primates of Vaccines Against Ebola Virus. Emerg Infect Dis 2002; 8; 503-507.
INGLESBY TV, DENNIS DT, HENDERSON DA. For the Working Group on Civilian Biodefense. Plague as a Biological Weapon. J A M A 2000; 283: 2281-2290.
JAHRLING P. Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers. In: Textbook of Military Medicine: Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare. Falls Church, Virginia: Office of the Surgeon General, 591- 602,1989.
KENYON RH, CANONICO PG, GREEN DE, PETERS Tributylribavirin on Argentine Hemorrhagic Fever (Junin Virus) in Guinea Pigs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1986; 29: 521-523. Ribavirin and
KILGORE PE, KSIAZEK TG, ROLLIN PE. Treatment of Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fever with Intravenous Ribavirin. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 24: 718-722.
MAIZTEGUI JI, McKEE KT, BARRERA ORO JG. Protective Efficacy of a Live Attenuated Vaccine Against Argentine Hemorrhagic Fever. J Infect Dis 1998; 177: 277-283.
McCORMICK JB, KING IJ, WEBB PA. Lassa Fever: Effective Therapy with Ribavirin. N Engl J Med 1986; 314: 20-26.
McKEE KT, ORO JG, KUEHNE AI, SPISSO JA, MAHLANDT BG. Candid No. 1 Argentine Hemorrhagic Fever Vaccine Protects Against Lethal Junin Virus Challenge in Rhesus Macaques. Intervirology 1992; 34: 154-163.
MILLER J, ENGELBERG S, BROAD WJ. Germs: Biological Weapons and America's Secret War. Simon & Schuster, New York, 352, 2001.
MONATH TP. Yellow Fever: An Update. Lancet Infect Dis 2001; 1: 11-20.
NIKLASSON B, PETERS CJ, BENGTSSON E, NORRBY E. Rift Valley Fever Virus Vaccine Trial. Vaccine 1985; 3: 123-127.
PETERS CJ, JAHRLING PB, KHAN AS. Patients Infected with High-Hazard Viruses. Arch Virol 1996; 11: 141-168.
PITTMAN PR, LIU CT, CANNON TL. Immunogenicity of an Inactivated Rift Valley Fever Vaccine in Humans. Vaccine 1999; 18: 181- 189.
PUSHKO P, GEISBERT J, PARKER M. Individual and Bivalent vaccines Based on Alphavirus Replicons Protect Guinea Pigs Against Infection with Lassa and Ebola Viruses. J Virol 2001; 75: 11677-11685.
SULLIVAN NJ, SANCHEZ A, ROLLIN PE, YANG ZY, NABEL GJ. Development of a Preventive Vaccine for Ebola Virus Infection in Primates. Nature 2000; 408: 605-609.
SWANEPOEL R, SHEPHERD AJ, LEMAN PA. Epidemiologic and Clinical Features of Crimean- Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Southern Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1987; 36: 120-132.
SWANEPOEL R, COETZER JA. Rift Valley Fever: Infectious Diseases of Livestock With Special Reference to Southern Africa. Oxford University Press, New York, 688-717, 1994.
XU L, SANCHEZ A, YANG Z. Immunization for Ebola Virus Infection. Nat Med 1998; 4: 37-42.
ZAKI SR, SHIEH WJ, GREER PW. A Novel Immunohistochemical Assay for The Detection of Ebola Virus in Skin. J Infect Dis 1999; 179: 36-47.