Acute HIV Induced Rhabdomyolysis: Not on Antiretroviral Therapy

Acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is an underrecognized cause of acute rhabdomyolysis which leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Many cases are related to concomitant infections, or substance abuse, however acute HIV infection can also lead to rhabdomyolysis due to derangements in skeletal muscles from high viral load and electrolyte derangements. We present a case of a 26-year-old male without past medical history that presents with diffuse muscle pain and dark brown urine with CK>100,000 units/L without other confounding causes for rhabdomyolysis. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 8(3):177-180.

___

  • 1. McDonagh CA, Holman RP. Primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in a patient with acute rhabdomyolysis. South Med J 2003; 96(10):1027-30.
  • 2. Douvoyiannis M, Litman N. Acute encephalopathy and multi-organ involvement with rhabdomyolysis during primary HIV infection. Int J Infect Dis 2009; 13(5):e299-304.
  • 3. Prabahar MR, Jain M, Chandrasekaran V, Indhumathi E, Soundararajan P. Primary HIV infection presenting as non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis with acute renal failure. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2008; 19(4):636-42.
  • 4. Del Rio C, Soffer O, Widell JL, Judd RL, Slade BA. Acute human immunodeficiency virus infection temporally associated with rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure, and nephrosis. Rev Infect Dis 1990; 12(2):282-5.
  • 5. Rastegar D, Claiborne C, Fleisher A, Matsumoto A. A patient with primary human immunodeficiency virus infection who presented with acute rhabdomyolysis. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32(3):502-4.
  • 6. Joshi MK, Liu HH. Acute rhabdomyolysis and renal failure in HIV-infected patients: risk factors, presentation, and pathophysiology. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2000; 14(10):541-8.
  • 7. Delo D, Brett AS, Postic B. Primary HIV infection presenting with acute rhabdomyolysis. Am J Med Sci 2006; 332(1):46-7.
  • 8. Same RG, Mcaleese S, Agwu AL, Arav-boger R. Acute HIV in an Adolescent Male with Fever and Rhabdomyolysis. J Adolesc Health 2019;65(4):567-569.
  • 9. Koubar SH, Estrella MM, Warrier R, et al. Rhabdomyolysis in an HIV cohort: epidemiology, causes and outcomes. BMC Nephrol 2017; 18(1):242.
  • 10. Noe MM, Jain AG, Shahid S, Majeed U. Severe Rhabdomyolysis as an Unusual Presentation of Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Cureus 2018; 10(7):e3041.