There are many conditions that causes neurologic dysfunction in cats and dogs. The 10 most common neurological conditions, are examined at Istanbul University Veterinary Faculty Surgery Department in the last three months, will be shared in general terms. Traumatic medulla spinalis injury, vertebral luxation and fracture, intervertebral disc diseases, hydrocephalus are the most common conditions. Vertebral fracture and luxation may cause spinal cord signs ranging from only pain only to paralysis. Surgical stabilization is recommended for unstable patients. Intervertebral disc disease are the most common in dogs, disc protrusion, extrusion and more conditions is includes. Hydrocephalus is termed accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in ventricular system and subarachnoid space due to a mismatch between production and absorption of CSF. Ventriculoperitoneal shunting is most common surgery technique of treatment of hydrocephalus.