Mustafa Savaş TORLAK, Halil TÜRKTEMİZ

Determining Relationship Between Headache and Cyberchondria Levels in University Students with Headache

Background: University students may experience various health problems throughout their education life. One of the most common health problems faced by students is headache. Today, university students use the internet extensively to access information. Therefore, it is predicted that university students with headaches may tend to search for health information on the internet. Purpose of the Study: In this study, it was aimed to determine the relationship between headache and cyberchondria levels of university students with headache. Method: A questionnaire form was used to collect data in the descriptive study. The questionnaire form included Socio-demographic form, Cyberchondria Scale, Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The study data were obtained from the Vocational School of Health Services of a University in Konya. 225 volunteers whose headaches lasted more than 30 minutes were included in the study. Findings: 88.4% of the participants were female students and 11.62% were male students. Headache impact levels (60.19±7.99) and pain severity (6.75±1.88) of the participants were high. Headache impact level and severity of female students were higher than males (p

Keywords:

Headache Cyberchondria, University Students,

PDF

___

Anaya, F., Aliya W. A., Hamoudeh, F., Nazzal, S. & Beesan, M. (2022). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of headache among medical students in Palestine: a cross sectional study. BMC Neurology, 22(4), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-021-02526-9.
Batıgün, A. D., Gör, N., Kömürcü, B. & Ertürk, İ. Ş. (2018). Siberkondriya ölçeği (SİBKÖ): Geliştirme, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 31(2), 148-162.
Berle, D., Starcevic, V., Khazaal, Y., Viswasam, K., Hede, V. & Mcmullan, R. D. (2019). Relationships between online health information seeking and psychopathology. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 62:96-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2019.04.006.
Boonstra, A.M., SchiphorstPreuper, H.R., Reneman, M.F., Posthumus, J.B. & Stewart, R.E. (2008). Reliability and validity of the visual analogue scale for disability in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 31(2):165–169. https://doi.org/10.1097/MRR.0b013e3282fc0f93.
Celentalo, D.D., Linet, M.S. & Stewart, F.F. (1990). Gender differences in the experience of headache. Social Science & Medicine, 30(12), 1289-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(90)90309-G
Dikmen, P.Y., Bozdağ, M., Güneş, M., Koşak, S., Taşdelen, B., Uluduz, D. & Ozge, A. (2020). Reliability and Validity of Turkish Version of Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) in Patients with Migraine. Archives of Neuropsychiatry, 58(4):300-307. https://doi.org/10.29399/npa.24956.
Erdoğan, T., Aydemir, Y., aydın, A., İnci, M. B., Ekerbiçer, H., Muratdağı, G. & Kurban, A. (2020). İnternet ve televizyonda sağlık bilgisi arama davranışı ve ilişkili faktörler. Sakarya Tıp Dergisi, 10(Özel Sayı), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.31832 smj.739127
Fox, S., Duggan, M. (2013). Health Online 2013. https://www.pewinternet.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/media/Files/Reports/PIP_HealthOnline.pdf.
Gibler, R.C., Jastrowski Mano, K.E., O’Bryne, E.M. & Beadel, J.R. (2019). The role of pain catastrophizing in cyberchondria among emerging adults. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 24(10):1267-1276. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2019.1605087.
Hamelsky, S.W., Lipton, R.B. (2006). Psychiatric Comorbidity of Migraine. Headache, 46:1327-1333, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4610.2006.00576.x
Jette, N., Patten, S., Williams, J., Becker, W. & Wiebe, S. (2008). Comorbidity of migraine and psychiatric disorders--a national population-based study. Headache, 48(4):501-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4610.2007.00993.x
Mathes, B.M., Norr, A.M., Allan, N.P., Albanese M.J. & Schmidt, N.B. (2018). Cyberchondria: Overlap with Health Anxiety and Unique Relations with Impairment, Quality of Life, and Service Utilization, Psychiatry Research, 261:204-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.01.002
Michealides, A., Zis, P. (2019). Depression, anxiety and acute pain: links and management challenges. Postgraduate Medicine, 131(7), 438-444, https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.2019.1663705
Mier, R.W., Dhadwal, S. (2018). Primary Headaches. Dent Clin N Am, 62, 611–628, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2018.06.006 Okyayuz, Ü.H. (2013). Sağlık Psikolojisi. Türk Psikologlar Derneği.
Özsaydı S., Balcı E., (2021). Erciyes Üniversitesi tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinde baş ağrısı sıklığı ve ilişkili faktörler. Yükseköğretim ve Bilim Dergisi/Journal of Higher Education and Science, 11(3), 496-502. https://doi.org/10.5961/jhes.2021.469
Quek T.T.C., Tam, W.W.S., Tran & B.X. et al. (2019). The global prevalence of anxiety among medical students: a Meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16:2735.
Scher, A.I., Midgette, L.A. & Lipton, R.B. (2008), Risk factors for headache chronification. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 48: 16-25. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4610.2007.00970.x
Singh, K., Fox, J. R. E. & Brown, R. J. (2016). Health anxiety and Internet use: A thematic analysis. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 10(2), article 4. doi: 10.5817/CP2016-2-4
Starcevic, V., Berle, D. (2013). Cyberchondria: towards a better understanding of excessive health-related Internet use. Expert Rev. Neurother, 13(2), 205–213.
Starcevic, V., Berle, D. & Arnaez, S. (2020). Recent Insights Into Cyberchondria. Current Psychiatry Reports, 22:56, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-020-01179-8
Stovner, L.J., Hagen, K., Jensen, R., Katsarava, Z., Lipton, R.B., Scher, A.I., Steiner T.J. & Zwart J.A. (2007). The global burden of headache: a documentation of headache prevalence and disability worldwide. Cephalalgia. 27, 193–210. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2007.01288.x
Üstüner Top, F., Usta, T. & Gücesan, S. (2010). Sağlık bilimleri fakültesi öğrencilerinin baş ağrılarının karakteristik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve baş ağrısını geçirmek için uyguladıkları yöntemlerde kültürel inanışların değerlendirilmesi. Ağrı, 22(1), 13-20.
Varma, R., Das, S. & Singh, T. (2021). Cyberchondria Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Management Strategies. Front Psychiatry, 12:618508. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.618508. eCollection 2021.
Vos, T., Flaxman, A.D., Naghavi, M., Lozano, R., Michaoud, C., ………& Memish, Z.A. (2012). Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 380(9859): 2163–2196. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2.
Wang, S.J., Juang, K.D. (2002). Psychiatric Comorbidity of Chronic Daily Headache: Impact, Treatment, Outcome, and Future Studies. Curr Pain Headache Rep , 6:505–510
White, R.W., Horvitz, E. (2009). Cyberchondria: Studies of the Escalation of Medical Concerns in Web Search. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 27(4). https://doi.org/10.1145/1629096.1629101
Whitehouse, W.P., Agrawal, S. (2017). Management of children and young people with headache. Archives of Disease in Childhood. Education and Practice Edition, 102:58–65. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2016-311803