___

• Baskin, L.S., Constantinescu, S.C., Howard, P.S., McAninch, J.W., Ewalt, D.H., Duckett, J.W., Snyder, H.M., Macarak, E.J., 1993. Biochemical characterization and quantization of the collagenous components of urethral stricture tissue. J. Urol. 150, 642-647.
• Bergman, I., Loxley, R., 1970. New spectrophotometric method for the determination of proline in tissue hydrolyzates. Anal. Chem. 42, 702-706.
• Carvalho, M., Freitas Filho, L.G., Carvalho, M., Fagundes, D.J., Ortiz, V., 2009. Effects of repeated extracorporeal shock wave in urinary biochemical markers of rats. Acta. Cirurgica. Brasileira. 24, 496-501.
• Chaussy, C., Schuller, J., Schmiedt, E., Brandl, H., Jocham, D., Liedl, B., 1984. Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for treatment of urolithiasis. Urology. 23, 59-66.
• Clark, D.L., Connors, B.A., Evan, A.P., Willis, L.R., Handa, R.K., Gao, S., 2009. Localization of renal oxidative stress and inflammatory response after lithotripsy. BJU. Int. 103, 1562-1568.
• Finter, F., Rinnab, L., Simon, J., Volkmer, B., Hautmann, R., Kuefer, R., 2007. Ureteral stricture after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Case report and overview of the spectrum of rare side effects of modern ESWL treatment. Urologe. 46, 769-772.
• Gnessin, E., Chertin, L., Chertin, B., 2012. Current management of paediatric urolithiasis. Pediatr. Surg. Int. doi: 10.1007/s00383-012-3096-4.
• Goktas, C., Coskun, A., Bicik, Z., Horuz, R., Unsal, I., Serteser, M., Albayrak, S., Sarıca, K., 2012. Evaluating ESWL-induced renal injury based on urinary TNF-α, IL-α, and IL-6 levels. Urol. Res. doi: 10.1007/s00240-012-0467-1.
• Klinge, U., Si, Z.Y., Zheng, H., Schumpelick, V., Bhardwaj, R.S., Klosterhalfen, B., 2000. Abnormal collagen I to III distribution in the skin of patients with incisional hernia. Eur. Surg. Res. 32, 43-48.
• McAdams, S., Shulka, A.R., 2010. Pediatric extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: Predicting successful outcomes. Indian. J. Urol. 26, 544-548.
• Minevich, E., 2010. Management of ureteric stone in pediatric patients. Indian. J. Urol. 26, 564-567.
• Serel, T.A., Ozguner, F., Soyupek, S., 2004. Prevention of shock wave-induced renal oxidative stress by melatonin: An experimental study. Urol. Res. 32, 69-71.
• Skolarikos, A., Alivizatos, G., Rosette, J., 2006. Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy 25 years later: Complications and their prevention. Eur. Urol. 50, 981-990.
• Somuncu, S., Caglayan, O., Cakmak, M., Caglayan, F., Ulusoy, S., 2006. The effect of indwelling catheter on OH-proline in the urethral wound: An experimental study. J. Pediatr. Urol. 2, 182-184.
• Williams, C.M., Kaude, J.V., Newman, R.C., Peterson, J.C., Thomas, W.C., 1998. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: Long-term complications. Am. J. Roentgenol. 150, 311-315.
• The increased level of OH-proline levels in renal pelvis in
• EG may be an indicator of shock-wave induced tissue injury
• in our study. The reason of the inability to confirm this injury
• with histopathologic examination may be the close time
• between shock wave exposure and tissue sampling. Some
• studies showed that the initial renal damage resolves over
• days to months (Williams et al., 1998; Carvalho et al., 2009).
• Since we took the samples at 7th day we would be late to show
• any histopathologic alteration in tissues. The increased level
• of OH-proline in renal pelvis shows that damage had been
• occurred after ESWL and the healing process started to take
• place by increased collagen turnover. However, the effect of
• this result to the long-term consequences of ESWL should be
• examined in future studies.
• In conclusion, although no major histopathologic
• alteration due to ESWL was detected in renal pelvis and
• proximal ureter, increased OH-proline levels in renal pelvis
• can be suggested as a finding of tissue injury in the collecting system.