Deniz KOCAMAZ, Tuğba BADAT, Tuba MADEN, Ayşenur TUNCER

Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Akıllı Telefon Kullanımının, Uyku Kalitesi ve Depresyon ile İlişkisi

Amaç̧: Akıllı telefon bağımlılığının son yıllarda artması özellikle üniversite öğrencilerinde birçok probleme neden olabilmektedir. Bu durum öğrencilerin uyku kalitesini olumsuz etkilerken depresyon, anksiyete ve stres düzeylerini arttırabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı üniversite öğrencilerinde akıllı telefon bağımlılığının uyku kalitesi, gündüz uykululuk hali, depresyon, anksiyete, stres ve boyun problemleri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi idi.Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya 19-30 yaş arası (22,17±1,82 yıl), toplam 145 öğrenci (92 kadın, 53 erkek) dahil edildi. Öğrencilerin akıllı telefon bağımlılığı, Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı Ölçeği- Kısa Formu (ATBÖ-KF), uyku kalitesi Pittsburgh Uyku Kalite İndeksi (PUKİ), gündüz uykululuk hali Epworth Uykululuk Skalası (EUS), depresyon, anksiyete, stres düzeyleri Depresyon Anksiyete Stres Ölçeği (DASÖ-21) ve boyun problemleri Boyun Özür İndeksi (BÖİ) kullanılarak belirlendi.Bulgular: ATBÖ-KF ile PUKİ arasında (r=0,178, p=0,036) ve EUS ile (r=0,257, p=0,002) DASÖ’nün depresyon (r=0,224, p=0,008), anksiyete (r=0,239, p=0,005) ve stres (r=0,297, p=0,001) parametreleri arasında pozitif yönde, zayıf düzeyde ilişki tespit edildi. ATBÖ-KF ile BÖİ (r=0,075, p=0,377) arasında yetersiz ilişki bulundu. PUKİ ile EUS arasında (r=0,279, p=0,001) pozitif yönde zayıf düzeyde ilişki bulundu.Sonuç: Üniversite öğrencilerinde akıllı telefon bağımlılığının uyku kalitesi, gündüz uykululuk hali, depresyon, anksiyete ve stres düzeyleri ile ilişkili olduğu belirlendi. Üniversite öğrencileri arasında akıllı telefon kullanımı farkındalığının artırılması ile akıllı telefon kullanım süresinin kontrol altına alınması, uyku kalitesi, gündüz uykululuk, depresyon, anksiyete ve stres düzeylerinin olumlu etkileneceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Akıllı Telefon, Uyku, Depresyon, Gündüz uykululuk

The relationship between the smartphone addiction, sleep quality and depression among university students

Purpose: Smartphone addiction can cause many problems especially among university students. While this affects the sleep quality of the students negatively, it increases the levels of depression, anxiety and stress. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between smartphone addiction and sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, depression, anxiety, stress and neck problems among university students.Methods: Total of 145 university students (92 females, 53 males) aged 19-30 (22.17±1.82 years) were included in this study. Students’ smartphone addiction levels were evaluated with Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Form (SAS-SF), sleep quality with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), daytime sleepiness with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), depression, anxiety and stress levels with Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and neck problems with Neck Disability Index (NDI).Results: There was a weak positive relationship with the SAS-SF and PSQI (r=0.178, p=0.036), with the ESS (r=0.257, p=0.002), and with the depression (r=0.224, p=0.008), anxiety (r=0.239, p=0.005) and stress (r=0.297, p=0.001) parameters. There was no relationship between SAS-SF and NDI (r=0.075, p=0.377). A weak positive relationship between the PSQI and ESS (r=0.279, p=0.001).Conclusion: Smartphone addiction among university students was found to be associated with sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, depression, anxiety, and stress levels. It is thought that controlling smartphone usage time by raising awareness about smartphone addiction among university students, will positively affect sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, depression, anxiety, and stress levels.

Keywords:

Smartphone , Sleep, Depression, Sleepiness,

PDF

___

1. Kuss DR, Griffiths MD. Online social networking and addiction: A review of the psychological literature. Int. J Environ Res Public Health. 2011; 8:3528-3552.
2. Heo J, Oh J, Subramanian SV, et al. Addictive Internet Use among Korean Adolescents: A National Survey. Plos. 2014; 9:1-8.
3. Elhai JD, Dvorak RD, Levine JC, et al. Problematic smartphone use: A conceptual overview and systematic review of relations with anxiety and depression psychopathology. J Affect Disord. 2017; 207: 251-259.
4. Lee YK, Chang CT, Lin Y, et al. The dark side of smartphone usage: Psychological traits, compulsive behavior and technostress. Comput Human Behav. 2014; 31:373-383.
5. Levenson JC, Shensa A, Sidani JE et al. The Association between Social Media Use and Sleep Disturbance among Young Adults. Prev Med. 2016; 85: 36-41.
6. Lund HG, Reider BD, Whiting AB, et al. Sleep patterns and predictors of disturbed sleep in a large population of college students. J Adolesc Health. 2010;46:124-132.
7. Jiang F, VanDyke RD, Zhang J, et al. Effect of chronic sleep restriction on sleepiness and working memory in adolescents and young adults. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2011; 33:892–900.
8. Van CE, Spiegel K, Tasali E, et al. Metabolic consequences of sleep and sleep loss. Sleep Med. 2008; 9: S23–28.
9. Gradisar M, Wolfson AR, Harvey AG, et al. The sleep and technology use of Americans: findings from the National Sleep Foundation’s 2011 Sleep in America poll. J Clin Sleep Med. 2013; 9:1291–1299.
10. Arora T, Broglia E, Thomas EN, et al. Associations between specific technologies and adolescent sleep quantity, sleep quality, and parasomnias. Sleep Med. 2014; 15:240–247.
11. An J, Sun Y, Wan Y, et al. Associations between problematic internet use and adolescents’ physical and psychological symptoms: possible role of sleep quality. J Addict Med. 2014; 8:282–287.
12. Kwon M, Kim DJ, Cho H, et al. The smartphone addiction scale: development and validation of a short version for adolescents. Plos.2013; 8:e83558.
13. Noyan CO, Darcin AE, Nurmedov S, et al. Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı Ölçeğinin Kısa Formunun üniversite öğrencilerinde Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry. 2015; 16:73-81.
14. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, et al. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989; 28: 193-213.
15. Ağargün MY, Kara H, Anlar O. Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi İndeksinin geçerliği ve güvenirliği. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry. 1996;7:107- 115.
16. Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Sleep. 1991;14:540-545.
17. Izci B, Ardic S, Firat H, et al. Reliability and validity studies of the Turkish version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Sleep Breath. 2008;12:161-168.
18. Lovibond PF, Lovibond SH. The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behav Res Ther. 1995;33:335-342.
19. Akın A, Çetin B. The Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS): The study of validity and reliability. Educ Sci Theory Pract. 2007;7:260-268.
20. Aslan E, Karaduman A, Yakut Y, et al. The cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of neck disability index in patients with neck pain: a Turkish version study. Spine. 2008;33:362- 365.
21. Vernon H, Mior S. The Neck Disability Index: a study of reliability and validity. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1991;14: 409-415.
22. İyigün G, Angın E, Kırmızıgil B, et al. Üniversite öğrencilerinde uyku kalitesinin mental sağlık, fiziksel sağlık ve yaşam kalitesi ile ilişkisi J Exerc Ther Rehabil. 2017;4:S125-133.
23. Poushter J. Smartphone Ownership and Internet Usage Continues to Climb in Emerging Economies, 2016. http://www.pewglobal.org/2016/02/22/smartphone-ownership-and-internet-usage-conti-nues-to-climb-in-emerging-economies/
24. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/VeriBilgi.do?alt_id=1028 Erişim Tarihi 20.08.2019.
25. Kuyucu M. GMCS akıllı telefon kullanım alışkanlıkları ortaya koyuyor. Digitalage Dergisi, 2016; 92.
26. Dasgupta P, Bhattacherjee S, Dasgupta S. et al. Nomophobic behaviors among smartphone using medical and engineering students in two colleges of West Bengal. Indian J Public Health.2017; 61:199.
27. Carter B, Rees P, Hale L. et al. Association between portable screen-based media device access or use and sleep outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA pediatrics. 2016; 170: 1202-1208.
28. Adachi-Mejia AM, Longacre MR, Gibson JJ. et al. Children with a TV in their bedroom at higher risk for being overweight. International journal of obesity.2007; 31: 644-651.
29. Matar Boumosleh J, Jaalouk D. Depression, anxiety, and smartphone addiction in university students- A cross sectional study. Plos. 2017; 12:S0182239.