Türkiye'de Romanlar: İşgücü Piyasasında Ayrışma ve Gelir Farklılıkları

Mesleki ayrışma, Türkiye'de Romanlar arasındaki gelir farklılaşmasının açıklanmasında önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Mesleği tanımlayan geleneksel değişkenler, gelir grupları için farklı açıklayıcılığa sahiptir. Hem en yoksul hem de en zengin Romanlar için düzenli gelir getiren bir işte işçi olarak çalışmak, ticari işlerden çok daha fazla gelir artırıcı etki sağlar. Emek piyasasında ayrımcılık, en zengin Romanlar dışında, tüm gelir grupları için gelir düzeyini açıklamada anlamlı bir güce sahip olsa da en yoksul Romanlar için geliri azaltıcı etkisi en yüksek düzeydedir. Hakim toplumsal algının aksine, geleneksel Roman mesleklerinin gelir farklılaşması üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi yoktur. Öte yandan, Romanlarda iş kollarındaki ayrışmanın gelir farklılaşmalarını tanımlayabildiği de son derece açıktır. Sosyokültürel değişkenler, yalnızca orta gelir gruplarında geliri düzeyini belirlemede önemliyken, yerel seçimlerde oy verme davranışının Romanların tüm gelir grupları için gelir düzeyinde azaltıcı etkileri olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

ayrımcılık, ayrışma, emek piyasası, Romanlar

The Roma in Turkiye: Segregation in The Labour Market and Income Differentiations

n labour market research, rather than demographic and human capital endowments, ethnicity is considered a major explanatory of segregation in job occupations. This article examines the role of job occupations in income differentials within the Roma in Turkiye. The sample covers 1568 respondents and represents 6445 Roma. The conventional determinants for job occupation do not work differently for the income groups. For both the poorest and richest Roma, being a worker in a regular fulltime job provides much more of an increasing effect on income than the jobs in a trade. Discrimination in the labour market is a significant explanatory for all the income groups, except the richest Roma, but it has the highest impact on the poorest Roma. Traditional job occupations do not have an impact on income differentiation within Roma, but segregation for the Roma in the labour market is clear in defining income differentiation. This article asserts that even though the job occupations of the Roma partly present a kind of continuity of the traditional professions, the Roma in Turkiye are predominantly wage earners and working for someone else rather than being self–employed. While sociocultural determinants are significant in the middle–income groups, the voting behaviour in the municipal election has decremental impacts on all the income groups of the Roma.

Keywords:

Segregation, discrimination, labour market, Roma,

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