Monkeypox Virüsü; Dünya ve Türkiye Epidemiyolojisi

Maymun Çiçek Virüsü, zoonotik rezervuarlar yoluyla yayılma potansiyeline sahip bir virüstür. Virüs savaş, göç veya diğer nedenler kaynaklı yer değişiklikleri ile diğer coğrafik bölgelere ulaşmaktadır. Önceki yıllarda maymun çiçeği, Batı ve Orta Afrika ile sınırlı, nadir görülen bir zoonotik hastalık iken hastalığın bu coğrafik dağılımı, dünya nüfusunda çiçek aşısı kaynaklı bağışıklığın azalmasıyla birlikte hızla genişlemiştir. Mayıs 2022'nin başından beri devam eden ve birden çok ülkede izlenen maymun çiçeği salgını ilk defa Afrika dışında birçok kıtada görülmüştür. Bu vakaların çoğu Avrupa'dan ve Batı Yarımküreden bildirilmiştir. Vakalar, en sık İspanya, Almanya, Fransa ve İngiltere olmak üzere Avrupa Bölgesi ve EU/EEA ülkelerinden yoğun olarak bildirilmiştir. 8 Ağustos 2022'ye kadar dünya genelinde 28000’in üzerinde doğrulanmış vaka ve 12 ölüm bildirilmiştir. 09 Ağustos 2022 tarihine kadar Türkiye’den 5 vaka bildirilmiştir. Bu derlemede, mevcut güncel bilgiler ve veriler ile maymun çiçeği hastalığının epidemiyolojisi ve maymun çiçek hastalığı etkeninin genel özellikleri gözden geçirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Epidemiyology, Çiçek aşıları, Çiçek hastalığı, Maymun çiçek virüsü, Salgın.

Monkeypox Virus; Epidemiology of the World and Turkey

Monkeypox virus has the potential to spread through zoonotic reservoirs. The virus reaches other geographical regions through displacements caused by war, migration, and other reasons. In previous years, human monkeypox was a rare zoonotic disease confined to West and Central Africa, however, this geographic range has expanded rapidly with the decline of smallpox vaccine-induced immunity in the world population. The multi-country monkeypox epidemic, which has been going on since the beginning of May 2022, was seen for the first time in many continents outside of Africa. Cases have been reported mostly from European countries and the Western Hemisphere of the World. Cases have been reported extensively from the European region and EU/EEA countries, most commonly Spain, Germany, France, and the UK. By 8 August 2022, over 28 000 confirmed cases and twelve deaths have been reported worldwide. Until 09 August 2022, 5 cases were reported from Turkey. In this review, the epidemiology of Monkeypox and the general characteristics of the causative agent of Monkeypox is reviewed, with current information and data.

Keywords:

Epidemiology, Monkeypox virus, Outbreak, Smallpox, Smallpox vaccines.,

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