Küreselleşme Sağlığımız İçin Yararlı mı Zararlı mı?

Sermayenin, malların, hizmetlerin, teknolojinin ve bir ölçüde de işgücünün sınırlar ötesi dolaşımının artması ile ekonomik faaliyetlerde gözlenen bütünleşme anlamına gelen ve neoliberal ekonomik politikalarla özdeşleşen küreselleşmenin toplumların sağlığı üzerinde olumlu ve olumsuz çeşitli etkileri olmuştur. Olumlu etkiler olarak yeni bilgi ve teknolojilere erişimin kolaylaşmış olması, salgın hastalıklara karşı alınacak önlemlerin küresel düzeyde ve hızlı olması, tele-tıp, tele-cerrahi, medikal turizm gibi yeni sağlık hizmeti türlerinin ortaya çıkmış olması, sağlık hizmetlerinde kalitenin artması ön plana çıkmaktadır. Küreselleşme sürecinde doğumda yaşam beklentisi önemli şekilde artmıştır. Olumsuz etkiler olarak ise toplumlar arası eşitsizliklerin artması, Batılı yaşam biçimlerinden kaynaklanan kronik hastalıkların artmış olması, küresel ısınmaya bağlı iklim ve çevre sorunları, ilaç endüstrisinin verdiği zararlar, değişen ve yaygınlaşan küresel terör olayları dikkati çekmektedir. Ulusal sağlık politikalarının belirlenmesi ve yürütülmesi sürecinde küreselleşmenin yararları ve sakıncalarının iyi analiz edilmesi önem taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Küreselleşme, Sağlık politikaları

Is Globalization Useful or Harmful for Our Health?

Globalization, which means the integration of capital, goods, services, technology and, to some extent, the cross-border circulation of labor and integration observed in economic activities and identified with neoliberal economic policies, had positive and negative effects on the health of societies. As positive effects, access to new information and technologies is facilitated, measures to be taken against epidemic diseases are global and rapid, new types of health services such as tele-medicine, tele-surgery, and medical tourism have emerged, and the quality of healthcare services comes to the fore. Life expectancy at birth has increased significantly in the globalization process. Negative effects include the increase in inequality between communities, the increase of chronic diseases caused by Western lifestyles, climate and environmental problems due to global warming, the damage caused by the pharmaceutical industry, and changing and widespread global terrorist events. It is important to analyze the benefits and disadvantages of globalization in the process of determining and implementing national health policies.

Keywords:

Globalization, Healthcare policies Global warming, Global health,

PDF

___

1-Khor M. Globalization and the need for coordinated southern policy response. Cooperation South, Special Issue, 1995:15–18, New York: UNDP.
2-Jenkins R. Globalisation, production, employment and poverty: Debated and evidence. Journal of International Development, 2004;16:1–12.
3-Daulaire N. Globalization and health. Development, 1999;42(4): 22-24.
4-Lee K. Globalization and health policy: a review of the literature and proposed research and policy agenda In: Health Development in the New Global Economy PAHO:Washington, 2000.
5-Hanefeld J (ed.) Globalization and Health. Second edition, Open University Press McGraw-Hill Education, 2015:3.
6-https://www.icao.int/annual-report-2018/Pages/the-world-of-air-transport-in-2018.aspx erişim: 29.Şubat.2020)
7- https://www.theguardian.com/news/2019/jul/01/global-tourism-hits-record-highs-but-who-goes-where-on-holiday (erişim:29.Şubat.2020)
8-https://www.unwto.org/world-tourism-barometer-n18-january-2020 (erişim: 29.Şubat.2020)
9-https://www.unhcr.org/figures-at-a-glance.html (erişim:29.Şubat.2020)
10-Goodman D. Globalisation and consumer culture, in G. Ritzer (ed.) The Blackwell Companion to Globalisation, 2007:330–51. Oxford: Blackwell.
11- Health without borders s.51
12-Rodrik D. The globalisation paradox. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
13-Chang HJ. 23 things they don’t tell you about capitalism. London: Penguin Books, 2010.
14-World Bank, http://data.worldbank.org/topic/poverty (erişim: 02.Mart.2020)
15-Koplan JP, Bond, TC, Merson MH, Reddy KS, Rodriguez MH, Sewankambo NK, Wasserheit JN. Towards a common definition of global health, Lancet, 2009;373 (9679):1993–5.
16-Frenk J, Moon S. Governance challenges in global health, New England Journal of Medicine, 2013;368: 936–42.
17-https://ourworldindata.org/life-expectancy (erişim: 04.Mart.2020)
18-WWF. Living Planet Report - 2018: Aiming Higher. Grooten, M. and Almond, R.E.A.(Eds). WWF, Gland, Switzerland. 2018:17.
19-Scheffers, B. R. et al. The broad footprint of climate change from genes to biomes to people. Science 2016:354.
20-Global Footprint Network. National Footprint Accounts 2018 edition. https://data.footprintnetwork.org (2018).
21-McKeown T. The Modern Rise of Population. London: Edward Arnold, 1976.