Egemen DERE, Ferda OZDIKICIOĞLU, Hakan TOSUNOĞLU

The effect of dichlorvos on glutathione S-Transferase activity in some tissues of rats

In this study the alteration of Glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme activity was examined in the livers, kidneys, brain and small intestine tissues of rats after dichlorvos (DDVP) was applied (4mg.kg–1) intraperitoneally. In all tissues examined for both male and female rats, GST activity increased through DDVP. GST activity showed similar alterations in liver and kidney tissues. On the other hand, in brain tissues, while significant increases in GST activity started from the 2nd period in male rats, in female rats significant increases were observed at the 4th, 32nd, 64th and 72nd hours. In small intestine tissues the observed activity increase in male rats was significant for all periods except for the initial period, 8th and 72nd hours, while in female rats it was significant for all periods except for the initial period, 8th and 64th hours. As a result, it was observed that in both male and female rats, GST activity in all tissues that were examined increased through DDVP.

PDF

___

[1] US. EPA. 2000. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dichlorvos. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 11-15.
[2] Gallo MA, Lawryk NJ. 1991. Organic phosphorus pesticides. In: In Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology (Eds: W. J. Hayes, and E.R.), New York, 5-3.
[3] ATSDR. 1997. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile for Dichlorvos, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA.
[4] Hayes JD, Flanagan JU, Jowsey IR. 2005. Glutathione transferases. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 45: 51–88.
[5] Habig W, Pabst M, Jakoby W. 1974. Glutathione Stransferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation, J. Biol. Chem. 249:7130–7139.
[6] Bradford, MM. 1976. A rapid and sensitive for the quantitation of microgram quantitites of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72:248-254.
[7] Jerrold, HZ. 1984. Biostatistical Analysis prentice-Hall Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 138-178.
[8] Wright AS, Hutson DH, Wooder MF. 1979. The chemical and biochemical reactivity of dichlorvos. Arch. Toxicol. 42: 1-18.
[9] Oral B, Guney M, Demirin H, Ozguner M, Giray SG, Take G, Mungan T, Altuntas I. 2006. Endometrial damage and apoptosis in rats induced by dichlorvos and ameliorating effect of antioxidant Vitamins E and C. Reprod Toxicol. 22:783-90
[10] WHO. 1989. World Health Organization Environmental Health Criterıa 79, Dichlorvos, Geneva.
[11] Julka D, Pal R, Gill KD. 1992. Neurotoxicity of dichlorvos: Effect on antioxidant defense system in the rat central nervous system. Exp. Mol. Pathol. 56: 144- 152.
[12] Hai DQ, Varga IS, Matkovics B. 1995. Effects of an organophosphate on the antioxidant systems of fish tissues Acta Biol Hung. 46: 39-50.
[13] Kanai T, Takahashi K, Inoue H. 2006. Three Distinct- Type Glutathione S-Transferases from Escherichia coli Important for Defense against Oxidative Stres. J Biochem.140: 703-11.
[14] Singh M, Sandhir R, Kiran R. 2006. Erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes in toxicological evaluation of commonly used organophosphate pesticides. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 44: 580-583.
[15] Mehl A, Rolseth V, Gordon S, Bjoraas M, Seeberg E. 2000. Brain hypoplasia caused by exposure to trichlorfon and dichlorvos during development can be ascribed to DNA alkylation damage and inhibition of DNA alkyltransferase repair. Neurotoxicology 21:165-173.
[16] Romero NG, Lopez AT, Rojas OA, Fernandez MC. 2006. Effect of dichlorvos on hepatic and pancreatic glucokinase activity and gene expression, and on insulin mRNA levels. Life Sci. 25:1015-1020.
[17] Sarin S, Gill KD. 1999. Dichlorvos induced alterations in glucose homeostasis: possible implications on the state of neuronal function in rats. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 199:87–92.
[18] Parveen M., Kumar S. 2001. Effect of DDVP on the histology and AChE kinetics of heart muscles of Rattus norvegicus.J. Environ. Biol. 22:257-261.
[19] Luty S, Latuszynska J, Halliop J, Tochman A, Obuchowska D, Przylepa E, Korczak E, Bychawski E. 1998. Toxicity of dermally absorbed dichlorvos in rats. Ann Agric Environ Med. 5:57-64.
[20] Blasiak J, Walter Z, Bawronska M. 1991. The changes of osmotic fragility of pig organophosphorus insecticides. Acta Biochim. Pol. 38: 75-80.1