Compared studies on recognition of marine underwater biological scattering layers

Direct identification of organisms at species level, one of the major problems in bioacoustics, was reviewed with comparison between empirical/experimental and observatory acoustics on behavioral natures ascertained to the species (diel vertical migration, response to ambiance, school shapes). Next progresses in biacoustics promise surely gate soon to fulfill solution of the problems. Presently, current acoustical knowledge required behavioral characterization identical to organisms targeted for direct identification. Integrating such techniques with previously obtained background knowledge on characteristics specific to certain organisms, acoustic techniques allow a significantly larger area of the ocean interior to be surveyed at a quite finer resolution on ecology of the scatterers than conventional methods. For instance, Calanus euxinus (copepod) and Sagitta setosa (cheatognath) have distinct patterns of vertical migration and time spent swimming, depending on the DO concentration of the water column in the Black Sea.

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