Soma Linyit Kömürü, Külü Azaltılmış Soma Linyit Kömürü ve Kömür Karışımlarından Aktif Karbon Üretimi ve Karakterizasyonu

Aktif karbon, yüksek yüzey alanı ve yüksek adsorpsiyon özellikleri nedeniyle yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Aktif karbon üretimi için farklı birçok kaynak (kömür, fındık kabuğu, saman vb.) kullanılarak kimyasal veya fiziksel aktivasyon işlemleri uygulanmaktadır. Kullanılan her bir kaynağın aktivasyon kapasitesi farklıdır. Ülkemizde kömür kaynağı kullanılarak aktivasyon yapılması konusunda pek çok çalışma yapılmaktadır. Kömürle yapılan aktivasyon çalışmalarında kül içeriğinin düşük olmasının aktivasyon üzerine olumlu etkileri olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada tüvenan (ham) Soma-Manisa yöresi linyit kömürü, aynı kömürün işlem görmüş hali (kül içeriği azaltılmış) ve bunların belirli oranlarda karışımlarına kimyasal aktivasyon uygulanmış ve elde edilen yüzey alanı, sabit karbon ve adsorpsiyon kapasitesi sonuçları karşılaştırmalı olarak verilmiştir. Kül içeriğinin azaltılması işlemi organik solvent kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Tüvenan Soma kömürünün kül içeriğini azaltmak amacıyla hidroflorik asit (HF), hidroklorik asit (HCl) ve hidrojen peroksit (H2O2) kullanılarak ön işlem uygulanmasının etkileri de araştırılmıştır. Aktif karbon üretimi için ön işlem görmüş ve işlem görmemiş kömürlerin potasyum hidroksit tuzu (KOH) ile karışımları hazırlanarak kimyasal aktivasyon işlemi yapılmıştır. En yüksek yüzey alanı, HF ile ön işlem görmüş Soma kömürü KOH ile karıştırılarak azot ortamında yapılan aktivasyonu sonucu 2259.38 m2 /g değerinde elde edilmiştir. Külü azaltılmış kömür ve Soma kömürünün 1:1 oranında yapılan karışımları ile de KOH kullanılarak azot ortamında yaklaşık 1600 m2 /g değerinde yüzey alanı elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen aktif karbonlar ticari aktif karbonlar ile karşılaştırıldığında KOH ile yapılan aktivasyon ile yüzey alanının daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Aktif karbon, BET yüzey alanı, kimyasal aktivasyon, kömür

Production and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Soma Lignite Coal, Ash-Reduced Soma Lignite Coal and Coal Mixtures

Activated carbon is widely used due to its high surface area and high adsorption properties. For the production of activated carbon, chemical or physical activation process is applied by using many different sources (coal, hazelnut shell, straw, etc.). The activation capacity of each source used is different. In our country, there are many studies on activation using coal source. In activation studies with coal, it has been determined that low ash content has positive effects on activation. In this study, chemical activation was applied to the raw Soma-Manisa lignite coal, the treated form of the same coal (with reduced ash content) and their mixtures at certain ratios, and the obtained surface area, fixed carbon and adsorption capacity results were given comparatively. The ash content reduction was done by using organic solvent. The effects of pre-treatment with hydrofluoric acid (HF), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were also investigated in order to reduce the ash content of the raw Soma coal. For the production of activated carbon, mixtures of pre-treated and untreated coals with potassium hydroxide salt (KOH) were prepared and chemical activation process was carried out. The highest surface area was obtained at the value of 2259.38 m2 /g as a result of the activation of Soma coal, which was pretreated with HF, mixed with KOH and activated in the nitrogen environment. A surface area of approximately 1600 m2 /g was obtained in nitrogen environment by using KOH with mixtures of ash-reduced coal and Soma coal in a 1:1 ratio. When the activated carbons obtained were compared with the commercial activated carbons, it was determined that the surface area was higher with the activation with KOH.

Keywords:

Activated carbon, BET surface area, chemical activation, coal,

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