Spermatozoa Kryoprezervasyonunda Epigenetik Değişiklikler

Spermatozoa kriyoprezervasyon teknolojisi, erkek fertilitesi için en çok kullanılan koruma protokolüdür. Erkek doğurganlığının yönetimi, kanser tedavisi, vazektomi veya cerrahi infertilite tedavilerinden önce donör spermlerini depolamak ve korumak için kullanılmaktadır. Epigenetik yeniden programlamanın embriyonik gelişimde hayati bir rol oynadığı bildirilmiştir ve birkaç çalışma, kusurlu epigenetik yeniden programlamanın anormal fetal büyüme, kanser ve diyabet gibi hastalıklar ile ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Yapısal ve fizyolojik değişikliklerin yanı sıra, spermatozoadaki gen ve proteinlerin ekspresyonunun, mRNA stabilitesinin ve epigenetik içeriğin donma-çözme işleminden etkilenebileceği bildirilmektedir. Dondurulmuş-çözülmüş spermatozoadaki bu değişiklikler doğurganlık potansiyelini ve embriyo gelişimini etkileyebilmektedir. Kriyoprezervasyonda toksisite, epigenetik stabilite, mikrobiyal kontaminasyon gibi birden fazla güvenlik sorunu vardır. Bu sorunlardan epigenetik stabilite ve dondurulmuş spermatozoa ile doğan çocukların sağlığı üzerindeki kriyoprezervasyonun etkileri hakkında çok az bilgi vardır. Bu derlemede, kriyoprezervasyon sırasında spermlerdeki değişiklikler ve epigenetik modifikasyonları hakkındaki makaleler özetlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Sperm Kryopreservasyonu, Epigenetik, Yardımcı Üreme teknolojileri

Epigenetic Changes in Spermatozoa Cryopreservation

Spermatozoa cryopreservation technology is the most widely used preservation protocol for male fertility. Cryopreservation of human sperm is used to store and preserve donor sperm prior to male fertility management, cancer treatment, vasectomy or surgical infertility treatments. Epigenetic reprogramming has been reported to play a vital role in embryonic development, and several studies have shown that defective epigenetic reprogramming is associated with diseases such as abnormal fetal growth, cancer, and diabetes. In addition to structural and physiological changes, it has been reported that the expression of genes and proteins in spermatozoa, mRNA stability and epigenetic content may be affected by freeze-thaw process. These changes in frozen-thawed spermatozoa can affect fertility potential and embryo development. There are multiple safety issues in cryopreservation, such as toxicity, epigenetic stability, and microbial contamination. Of these issues, little is known about the effects of cryopreservation on epigenetic stability and the health of children born with frozen spermatozoa. In this review, articles on changes in sperm and their epigenetic modifications during cryopreservation are summarized.

Keywords:

Sperm Cryopreservation, Epigenetics, Assisted Reproductive Technologies,

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