Küçük ölçekli karstik yüzey yapıları (karen)
Karen (veya lapye) küçük ölçekli (< 10 m) karstik yüzey yapılarını tanımlayan genel bir terimdir. Kireçtaşı yüzeylerinde yaygındır. Başlıca karen tipleri; kaval yapısı, basamak yapısı, çözünme olukları (oluk yapısı, yuvarlanmış oluk yapısı, menderesli oluk yapısı), sivri doruklu karen, yarık kareni, çözünme havuzları ve çözünme çukurlarıdır. Kaval yapısı, basamak yapısı ve çözünme havuzları yüzey sularından, çözünme olukları kanalize sulardan, yarık kareni süreksizliklerin çözünmeyle genişletilmesinden, sivri doruklu karen süreksizliklerle sınırlı masif kayaçların çözünmesiyle ve çözünme çukurları kök boyunca sızan sulardan çözünmeyle yoluyla oluşur. Çözünme işlemi örtüsüz kayaçlarda veya ince yüzey örtüsü (toprak, kar) altında gelişir.
Small scale karstic surface features (karen)
Karren (or lapies) is a general term, describing small-scale (< 10 m) karstic surface features. They are common on limestone surfaces. The main types of karrens are solution flutes (rillenkarren), trittkarren (heelprints), solution runnels (rinnenkarren, rundkarren, meanderkarren), spitzkarren (solution spikes, pinnacle karren), kluftkarren (solution slots, grikes), solution pan (kamenitza, tinajita) and solution pit (or hollow). They form by dissolution from surface water or water-sheets as solution flutes, trittkarren, and solution pans, from channelized water as solution runnels, from enlargement of structural weakness as kluftkarren, from draining water along roots as solution pit, and from massive rocks between discontinuities as spitzkarren. The dissolution process develops on bare rocks or beneath a thin surface cover (soil, snow).
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- www.shadow.eas.gatech.edu edu/kcobb/speleo/Fieldtrip2005.htlm
- ISSN: 1016-9172
- Başlangıç: 1977
- Yayıncı: TMMOB Jeoloji Mühendisleri Odası
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