Effect of Different Levels of Oregano Essential Oil on Some Rumen Parameters in Lambs

Yeme Farklı Düzeylerde Katılan Kekik Yağının Kuzularda Bazı Rumen Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi Bu çalışma, kuzularda, rasyona farklı düzeylerde katılan kekik (Origanum vulgare) uçucu yağının rumen fermantasyon parametreleri üzerine etkilerini saptamak amacı ile yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla 36 baş sütten kesilmiş, erkek Kıvırcık ırkı kuzu deneme materyali olarak kullanılmıştır. Kuzular, biri kontrol, ikisi deneme grubu olmak üzere üç gruba ayrılmıştır. Deneme gruplarından birinin kuzu büyütme yemine 250 ppm, diğerine ise 500 ppm kekik uçucu yağı (OEO) eklenmiştir. Deneme, ilk haftası adaptasyon dönemi olmak üzere, toplam 9 hafta sürdürülmüş; deneme süresince büyütme yemi, kuru ot ve su ad libitum olarak verilmiştir. Yemlemeden önce ve yemlemeden sonraki 3. ve 6. saatlerde, her gruptan 9 adet kuzudan rumen sıvısı örnekleri alınmıştır. Rumen sıvılarında; pH, toplam uçucu yağ asitleri (UYA), asetik asit, propiyonik asit, bütirik asit ve amonyak azotu düzeyleri belirlenmiştir. Rumen parametrelerinden bazılarında (pH ve toplam UYA) ve dönemsel olarak gruplar arasında istatistiksel önemde farklılıkların olduğu ve ölçüm zamanının da bu parametrelerin üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, başlangıç dönemi dışındaki diğer dönemlerde, kekik esansiyel yağının dozunun artması ile orantılı olarak deneme gruplarının toplam uçucu yağ asidi düzeylerinin kontrole göre her zaman için sayısal bir artış içinde olması, kekik esansiyel yağının sindirim üzerinde olumlu bir etki meydana getirdiğini düşündürmektedir

Yeme Farklı Düzeylerde Katılan Kekik Yağının Kuzularda Bazı Rumen Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi

This study was conducted to determine the effects of different levels of oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil (OEO) on ruminal fermentation in lambs. Thirty-six weaned male Kivircik lambs were used as trial materials. Lambs were divided into one control and two treatment groups. For the two treatment groups, OEO was added into grower feed at a level of 250 and 500 ppm, respectively. Treatment period lasted for 9 weeks, including adaptation period. Feed and water was supplied ad libitum during the trial. Rumen fluid samples were collected from 9 lambs of each group, before the morning feeding and 3 and 6 hours after the feeding. From the ruminal fluid, pH, total volatile fatty acids (VFA), acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and ammonia-nitrogen concentrations were determined. There were no effects of OEO on ruminal pH and concentrations of ammonia. In some of the rumen parameters (pH and total VFA), the results were statistically different periodically between groups and it was established that the time of measurement had an important role on the results of the rumen parameters. Furthermore, the quantitative increase of the total volatile fatty acid concentrations in the treatment groups according to the control was directly proportional to the increase of the oregano levels, in the periods except for the beginning. This situation makes us think that the oregano essential oil could have positive effects on digestion in lambs

PDF

___

AOAC, 1995. Association of Official Analytical Chemists: Official Methods of Analysis, Vol I, 16th Ed. AOAC, Arlington, VA.
Benchaar, C., Calsamiglia, S., Chaves, A.V., Fraser, G.R., Colombatto, D., McAllister, T.A., Beauchemin, K.A., 2008. A review of plant-derived essential oils in ruminant nutrition and production. Animal Feed Science and Technology 145, 209-228.
Benchaar, C., Greathead, H., 2011. Essential oils and opportunities to mitigate enteric methane emissions from ruminants. Animal Feed Science and Technology 166–167, 338-355.
Benchaar, C., Petit, H.V., Berthiaume, R., Ouellet, D.R., Chiquette, J., Chouinard, P.Y., 2007. Effects of essential oils on digestion, ruminal fermentation, rumen microbial populations, milk production, and milk composition in dairy cows fed alfalfa silage or corn silage. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 886-897.
Benchaar, C., Petit, H.V., Berthiaume, R., Whyte, T.D., Chouinard, P.Y., 2006. Effects of addition of essential oils and monensin premix on digestion, ruminal fermentation, milk production, and milk composition in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 4352-4364.
Biricik, H., Hanoğlu Oral, H., Taluğ, A.M., Cengiz, Ş.Ş., Koyuncu, M., Dikmen, S., 2016. The effects of carvacrol and/or thymol on the performance, blood and rumen parameters, and carcass traits of Merino sheep. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science 40,651-659.
Busquet, M., Calsamiglia, S., Ferret, A., Cardozo, P.W., Kamel, C., 2005. Effects of cinnamaldehyde and garlic oil on rumen microbial fermentation in a dual flow continuous culture. Journal of Dairy Science 88, 2508- 2516.
Busquet, M., Calsamiglia, S., Ferret, A., Kamel, C., 2006. Plant extracts affect in vitro rumen microbial fermentation. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 761–771.
Canbolat, Ö., Karaman, Ş., Filya, İ., 2010. Farklı kekik yağı dozlarının mısır silajının sindirimi ve rumen fermantasyonu üzerine etkileri. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 16, 933-939.
Cardozo, P.W., Calsamiglia, S., Ferret, A., Kamel, C., 2006. Effects of alfalfa extract, anise, capsicum, and a mixture of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol on ruminal fermentation and protein degradation in beef heifers fed a high-concentrate diet. Journal of Animal Science 84 2801-2808.
Cardozo, P.W., Calsamiglia, S., Ferret, A., Kamel, C., 2004. Effects of natural plant extracts on ruminal protein degradation and fermentation profiles in continuous culture. Journal of Animal Science 82, 3230–3236.
Castillejos, L., Calsamiglia, S., Ferret, A., 2006. Effect of essential oils active compounds on rumen microbial fermentation and nutrient flow in in vitro systems. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 2649–2658.
Castillejos, L., Calsamiglia, S., Martín-Tereso, J., Ter Wijlen, H., 2008. In vitro evaluation of effects of ten essential oils at three doses on ruminal fermentation of high concentrate feedlot-type diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology 145, 259-270.
Chaves, A.V., Stanford K., Gibson, L.L., McAllister, T.A., Benchaar, C., 2008. Effects of carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde on intake, rumen fermentation, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of growing lambs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 145, 396-408.
Devant, M., Anglada, A., Bach, A., 2007. Effects of plant extract supplementation on rumen fermentation and metabolism in young Holstein bulls consuming high levels of concentrate. Animal Feed Science and Technology 137, 46-57.
Erwin, E.S., Marco, G.J., Emery, E.M., 1961. Volatile Fatty Acid Analyses of Blood Rumen Fluid by Gas Chromatography. Journal of Dairy Science 44, 1768- 1771.
Fandiño, I., Calsamiglia, S., Ferret, A., Blanch, M., 2008. Anise and capsicum as alternatives to monensin to modify rumen fermentation in beef heifers fed a high concentrate diet. Animal Feed Science and Technology 145, 409-417.
Goering, H.K., Van Soest, P.J., 1970. Forage Fiber Analyses. Agriculture Handbook No: 379. Washington, DC, USA: ARS-USDA.
Greathead, H., 2003. Plants and plants extracts for improving animal productivity. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 62, 279-290.
Hart, K.J., Yanez-Ruiz, D.R., Duval, S.M., McEwan, N.R., Newbold, C.J., 2008. Plant extracts to manipulate rumen fermentation. Animal Feed Science and Technology 147, 8-35.
Hristov, A.N., Ropp, J.K., Zaman, S., Melgar, A., 2008. Effects of essential oils on in vitro ruminal fermentation and ammonia release. Animal Feed Science and Technology 144, 55-64.
Markham R., 1942. A steam distillation apparatus suitable for micro-Kjeldahl analysis. Biochemical Journal 36, 790- 791.
NRC, 1985. National Research Council: Nutrient Requirements of Sheep. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Newbold, C.J., McIntosh, F.M., Williams, P., Losa, R., Wallace, R.J., 2004. Effects of a specific blend of essential oil compounds on rumen fermentation. Animal Feed Science and Technology 114, 105-112.
OJEU, 2003. Official Journal of the European Union: Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 on additives for use in Animal Nutrition. L268/29-L268/43 in OJEU of 10/18/2003.
SPSS, 1999. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Release 10.0. SPSS Inc. IL, Chicago, USA.
Ünal, A., Kocabağlı, N., 2014a. The use of oregano essential oil in ruminant nutrition. Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Istanbul University 40, 121-130.
Ünal, A., Kocabağlı, N., 2014b. Effect of different dosages of oregano oil on performance and some blood parameters in lambs. Veterinary Journal of Ankara University 61, 199-204.
Vakili, A.R., Khorrami, B., Danesh Mesgaran, M., Parand, E., 2013. The effects of Thyme and Cinnamon essential oils on performance, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites in Holstein calves consuming high concentrate diet. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 26, 935–944.
Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B., Lewis, B.A., 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583-3597.
Wallace, R.J., Broderick, G.A., Brammall, M.L., 1987. Protein degradation by ruminal microorganisms from sheep fed dietary supplements of urea, casein or albumin. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 53, 751–753.
Wallace, R.J., 2004. Symposium: Plants as animal foods: A case of catch 22? Antimicrobial properties of plant secondary metabolites. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 63, 621-629.
Wang ,C.J., Wang, S.P., Zhou, H., 2009. Influences of flavomycin, ropadiar and saponin on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and methane emission from sheep. Animal Feed Science and Technology 148, 157-166.
Yang, W.Z., Benchaar, C., Ametaj, B.N., Chaves, A.V., He, M.L., McAllister, T.A., 2007. Effects of garlic and juniper berry essential oils on ruminal fermentation and on the site and extent of digestion in lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 5671-5681.
Yang, W.Z., Benchaar, C., Ametaj, B.N., Beauchemin, K.A., 2010. Dose response to eugenol supplementation in growing beef cattle: ruminal fermentation and intestinal digestion. Animal Feed Science and Technology 158, 57-64.