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Richard Wagner’in Siyasal Düşünceleri: Modernite Eleştirisi ve Ulusal Sanat Anlayışı

Richard Wagner gerek opera üzerine görüşlerini, gerekse sanat, siyaset ve toplum arasındaki ilişkilere dairfikirlerini 1840’lardan itibaren kaleme aldığı makaleler ve kitaplarla sistemli bir şekilde özetlemiştir. Siyasetve sanat üzerine çalışmalarında kültürel milliyetçilik ile birlikte modernite eleştirisi sürekli olarak işlenenunsurlar arasındadır. Alman ulusunun kültürel açıdan diğer uluslar karşısındaki özgüllüğü ve üstünlüğünüvurgulamış, ulusal kültür unsurlarını keşfetmek için köy yaşamına, ulusal tarihe ve efsanelere dönmeningereğini ön plana çıkarmıştır. Feuerbach ve Proudhon gibi düşünürlerden etkilenmiş ve 1840’larınsonundan itibaren romantik bir modernite eleştirisi geliştirmiştir. Wagner 1850’lerin ortasından itibarenSchopenhauer etkisiyle kimi görüşlerini değiştirse de modernite eleştirisi yapmaya devam etmiştir, ancakolgun Wagner geleceğe ilişkin bir ütopik bakış açısı ya da iyimser tavır benimsemekten uzaktır; yine aynıdönemde Wagner’in kültürel milliyetçiliğinin ırkçı tonlarının önem kazandığı da gözlemlenir.

Richard Wagner’s Political Thought: Critique of Modernity and National Art

Richard Wagner wrote systematic accounts of his ideas on opera and on the relationships among art, politics, and society in the articles and books he published from the 1840s onward. He analyzed a variety of topics in his studies on politics and art, including cultural nationalism and critiques of modernity. He put emphasis on the specificity and superiority of the German nation over other nations, and on the need to recover rural life, national history, and legends in order to create a national art. He was influenced by contemporary thinkers, including Feuerbach and Proudhon, and developed a romantic critique of modernity in the late 1840s and early 1850s. Although he changed some of his ideas under the influence of Schopenhauer, whom he discovered in the mid-1850s, he continued to make critiques of modernity. However, in his later writings, Wagner was far from adopting a utopian viewpoint or optimistic attitude towards the future. In this same period, he also developed more racialist aspects into his cultural nationalism.

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