Yıldız Zeliha HATİPOĞLU, İsmail Hakkı İŞCAN

Rusya’da serbest piyasa ekonomisine geçiş süreci ve 2008 küresel krizi

Sanayileşmiş Avrupa ülkeleri ile karşılaştırıldığında Rusya ekonomisinin bugünkü küresel krizden neden onlar kadar etkilenmediğinin cevabı oldukça önemlidir. 1990’lı yılların başlarında piyasalarını hızla serbestleştiren Rusya, günümüze kadar gelen süreçte ekonomisinde serbest rekabeti engelleyici mekanizmaları kısmen de olsa kaldırmayı başarabilmiştir. 2000’li yıllarla birlikte Rusya yönetimi, enerji kaynaklarına bağlı ekonomik çıkar ve araçların dış politikada temel öncelik olarak değerlendirildiği yeni bir döneme girmiştir. Bu dönemde Rusya bir taraftan dünya ile entegre olabilmek adına pazar ekonomisi şartlarını sağlamaya çalışırken, diğer taraftan enerji kaynaklarına bağımlı ekonomik büyümesini sürdürülebilir kılmak için uğraşmaktadır. Ancak bu süreç incelendiğinde Rusya’daki serbest piyasa algısının sorgulanmasının gerekli olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Çalışmada öncelikle geçiş ekonomileri için literatürde yapılan teorik tespitler ele alınarak geçişteki yöntem farklılıkları tartışılacaktır. Tüm geçiş ülkelerinin genel makroekonomik değerlendirmesinden sonra Rusya ekonomisinin geçiş dönemleri boyunca uyguladığı politikalar ve sonuçları dört başlık altında değerlendirilecek ve nihayet küresel krizin Rusya ekonomisine etkileri ortaya konacaktır.

The transition process to free market economy in Russia and 2008 global crisis

The answer to the question of why Russian economy has not been affected from today’s global crisis as much as industrialized European countries is very important. Russia which had rapidly liberalized its markets at the beginning of 1990’s, has partially succeeded in removing mechanisms in it economy which barrier free competition. By 2000, Russian government has moved to new era in which economical interests based on energy sources are evaluated with a priority. In this era, on the one hand Russia is trying to provide market economy conditions in order to integrate into the world; on the other hand it is also striving to make economical growth based on energy sources sustainable. However when this process is analyzed, we understand that it is necessary to question free market perception in Russia. In this study first of all theoretical findings in the literature about transition economies are handled and then methodological differences or varieties in terms of the transition are discussed. After a general macro economical evaluation of all transition economies, policies of Russian economy with in the period of transition and their results are evaluated under four headings. Finally, affects of the global crisis to Russian economy are introduced.

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