Seher ÇAKAN

Mağdurlar için Güven Fonu

Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi’nin(UCM) yetkisine giren bir suçtan zarar gören mağdurların zararları Roma Statüsü madde 75 kapsamında giderilmektedir. Ancak UCM’de bir davanın açılması, UCM savcısının kendi yetkisiyle harekete geçmesi ya da bir devlet veya BM Güvenlik Konseyinin başvurusu üzerine mümkündür. Başka bir ifade ile UCM’de bir davayı doğrudan mağdur açamamaktadır. Bu nedenle de onarıma başvuramayan ya da başvursa bile davası beraat ile sonuçlanan mağdurların zararlarının giderilmesi de gerekmektedir. Bu zararların giderilmesi için de Mağdurlar için Güven Fonu kurulmuştur. Fon kapsamında zararın giderilmesi destek olarak kabul edilmektedir ve destekten yararlanabilmek için UCM’de bir dava açılmasına gerek yoktur. Güven Fonunun tek görevi mağdurlara destek sağlamak değildir. Fon, UCM tarafından verilen onarım kararlarının uygulanmasında da UCM’ye yardım etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı da Güven Fonunun, UCM’nin onarım kararlarını gerçekleştirilmesi ile mağdurların zararlarının giderilmesindeki rolünü incelemektir. Çalışmada ilk olarak, Güven Fonu hakkında genel bilgi verilmektedir. İkinci olarak, UCM tarafından verilen onarım kararlarının uygulanmasına değinilmektedir. Son olarak da Güven Fonu tarafından mağdurlara ve ailelerine yapılacak destekten bahsedilmektedir. Bununla bağlantılı olarak hükümlünün mali kaynaklarının yetersiz olması durumunda Fonun diğer kaynaklarının onarımları tamamlamasının mümkün olup olmadığı ve kapsamı ele alınmaktadır.

Trust Fund for Victims

Victims injured by a crime under the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court(ICC) are redressed under article 75 of the Rome Statute. However, a case may be tried before the ICC on the basis of the proprio motu powers of the ICC prosecutor, or upon referral to the Court by a state or the UN Security Council. In other words, the victims cannot directly apply to the ICC. For this reason, the damages of victims who cannot apply for reparation or even if they apply for reparation, the damages of the victims whose cases resulted in acquittal should be repaired. The Trust Fund for Victims under the ICC was also established to remedy these damages. Within the scope of the Fund, the redress of the damage is accepted as assistance and there is no need to file a lawsuit at the ICC to benefit from assistance. The Trust Fund’s sole role is not to provide assistance to victims. It also supports the ICC in implementing reparation orders made by it. The aim of this study is to examine the role of the Trust Fund in the implementation of the ICC’s reparation orders and in reparing damages of the victims. In the study, firstly, general information is given about the Trust Fund. Secondly, the implementation of the reparation decisions made by the ICC is explained. Finally, the assistance to the victims and their families by the Trust Fund is mentioned. In connection with this issue, in case of insufficient financial resources of the convicted, the extent to which and whether it is possible for other sources of the Fund to complete reparation orders of the ICC are discussed.

PDF

___

• Åberg, Malin, The Reparations Regime of the International Criminal Court- Reparations or General Assistance?, 2014, https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/ diva2:801293/FULLTEXT01 (01.02.2021), 2014.
• Aksar, Yusuf, Teoride ve Uygulamada Uluslararası Hukuk II, 4. Baskı, Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara, 2017.
• Dannenbaum, Tom, “The International Criminal Court, Article 79, and Transitional Justice: The Case for an Independent Trust Fund for Victims”, Wisconsin International Law Journal, 2010. 28 (2).
• Doğan, İlyas, Devletler Hukuku, Genişletilmiş 3. Baskı, Astana Yayınları, Ankara, 2016.
• Dwertmann, Eva, The Reparation System of the International Criminal Court- Its Implementation, Possibilities and Limitations, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2010.
• Establishment of a fund for the benefit of victims of crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court, and of the families of such victims, Resolution ICC-ASP/1/Res.6, Annex to the resolution, Adopted at the 3rd plenary meeting, on 9 September 2002, Annex to the resolution.
• Establishment of the Secretariat of the Trust Fund for Victims, Resolution ICC-ASP/3/ Res.7, Adopted at the 6th plenary meeting, on 10 September 2004.
• Ferstman, Carla and Goetz, Mariana ,“Reparations before the International Criminal Court: The Early Jurisprudence on Victim Participation and its Impact on Future Reparations Proceedings”, Ed. Carla Ferstman, Mariana Goetz and Alan Stephens, Reparations for Victims of Genocide, War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity-Systems in Place and Systems in the Making, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2009.
• Fischer, Peter G., “The Victims’ Trust Fund of the International Criminal Court -Formation of a Functional Reparations Scheme”, Emory International Law Review, 17 (1), 2003.
• Gül, Yunus Emre, ‘Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi ve İnsan Haklarına Katkıları’ 2018, 3(1), Uluslararası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 293-303.
• http://sorular.rightsagenda.org/Uploads/UCM%20MEV/Roma%20Stat%C3% BCs%C3%BC.pdf, (18.08.2021).
• International Criminal Court, Representing Victims before the International Criminal Court- A Manual for legal representatives, 2010, The Office of Public Counsel for Victims.
• Kabalira, Stanislas, The Right to Reparations Under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court(ICC) 2014 (Doctoral Dissertation Sapienza University of Rome).
• Khan, K.A.A., “Article 79 Trust Fund” Ed. O. Trifferer and K. Ambos, The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commantary, 3th editions, Beck/Hart/Nomos, 2016.
• Kırancı, Burcu ve Oskay, H Tolga, Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi ve Mağdur Hakları El Kitabı, Ece Matbaası, Ankara, 2010.
• Kristjánsdóttir, Edda,“International Mass Claims Processes and the ICC Trust Fund for Victims” Ed. C. Ferstman, M. Goetz and A. Stephens, Reparations for Victims of Genocide, War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity-Systems in Place and Systems in the Making, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2009.
• Kul, Muhammet Celal, Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi ve Uluslararası Tecâvüz(Saldırı) Suçu, On İki Levha Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2016.
• McCarthy, Conor, Reparations and Victim Support in the International Criminal Court, Cambridge University Pres, Cambridge, 2012.
• Moffett, Luck., Meaningful and Effective? Considering Victims’ Interests Through Participation at the International Criminal Court, Criminal Law Forum, 2015, 26(2), https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276911951_Meaningful_and_Effective_ Considering_Victims’_Interests_Through_Participation_at_the_International_Criminal_Court (18.12.2020).
• Önok, R, Murat, Tarihi Perspektifiyle Uluslararası Ceza Divanı, Turhankitabevi, Ankara, 2003.
• Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga, Observations on Reparations Procedure, Trial Chamber II, No: ICC-01/04-01/07, 13 May 2015.
• Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga-Order for Reparations pursuant to Article 75 of the Statute With one public annex (Annex I) and one confidential annex ex parte, Common Legal Representative of the Victims, Office of Public Counsel for Victims and Defence team for Germain Katanga (Annex II), Trial Chamber II, No: ICC-01/04-01/07, 24 March 2017.
• Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga- Decision establishing the principles and procedures to be applied to reparations, Trial Chamber I, No: ICC-01/04-01/06, 7 August 2012.
• Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo- Confidential, Ex Parte only available to the Registry and Trust Fund for Victims Second Report of the Registry on Reparations, No.: ICC-01/04-01/06, 1st September 2011.
• Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo- Judgment on the appeals against the “Decision establishing the principles and procedures to be applied to reparations” of 7 August 2012 with AMENDED order for reparations (Annex A) and public annexes 1 and 2, No: ICC01/04-01/06-3129, 03 March 2015.
• Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo- Observation of the Trust Fund for Victims on the Appeals Against Trial Chamber I’s “Decision Establishing the Principles and Procedures to be Applied to Reparations”, No.: ICC-01/04-01/06, 08 April 2013.
• Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo- Observations on Reparations in Response to the Scheduling Order of 14 March 2012, No: ICC-01/04-01/06-2872, 25 April 2012.
• Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga- Public Redacted Version of ICC-01/04-01/06-2803- Conf-Exp-Trust Fund for Victims’ First Report on Reparations, Trial Chamber I, No: ICC-01/04-01/06, 1st September 2011.
• REDRESS, ‘Making Sense of Reparations at the International Criminal Court’, 2018 Background Paper.
• Regulations of the Trust Fund for Victims, Resolution ICC-ASP/4/Res.3.
• Report to the Assembly of States Parties on the activities and projects of the Board of Directors of the Trust Fund for Victims for the period 1 July 2010 to 30 June 2011, ICCASP/10/14, 1 August 2011.
• Report to the Assembly of States Parties on the Projects and the Activities of the Board of Directors of the Trust Fund for Victims for the Period 1 July 2019 to 30 June 2020.
• Rules of Procedure and Evidence of ICC (UCM Usul ve Delil Kuralları).
• Schabas, William A., An Introduction to the International Criminal Court, 3th edn, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007.
• Situation in Uganda, Notification of the Board of Directors of the Trust Fund for Victims in accordance with Regulation 50 of the Regulations of the Trust Fund for Victims with Confidential Annex, No: ICC-02/04, 25 January 2008.
• TBMM, ‘Uluslararası Ceza Divanı Roma Statüsü https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/komisyon/ insanhaklari/mevzuat_CDRS.htm(18.08.2021).
• Telli, Kutay, Cezasızlık Olgusuna Karşı Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi, On İki Levha Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2015.
• Tezcan, Durmuş; Erdem, Mustafa Ruhan; Önok, R. Murat, Uluslararası Ceza Hukuku, 6. Baskı, Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara, 2021.
• The Case-Based Reparations Scheme at the International Criminal Court, War Crimes Research Office International Criminal Court Legal Analysis and Education Project, June 2010.
• Trust Fund for Victims, https://www.trustfundforvictims.org/en/about/vision (18.08.2021).
• Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi Temel Belgeler Derlemesi, 2006, Ankara, (Çevirenler: Hivren Özkol ve Gülay Arslan, Gözden Geçiren: Devrim Aydın).
• Wierda Marieke and de Greiff Pablo, ‘Reparations and the International Criminal Court: A Prospective Role for theTrust Fund for Victims’ 2004 International Center for Transitional Justice 1-14.