Beslenme ve Gıda Alanlarında Metabolomik Uygulamalar: Genel Bir Değerlendirme

Metabolomik, küçük moleküllü metabolitlerin lipitler, karbonhidratlar, vitaminler, hormonlar ve dokularda, hücrelerde ve fizyolojik sıvılarda bulunan diğer hücre bileşenlerinde belirli bir sürede yüksek verim teknolojilerini kullanarak belirlenmesi, nicelendirilmesi ve tanımlanmasıdır. Metabolomik uygulaması, biyobelirteçlerin tanımlanmasını, enzim-substract etkileşimlerini, ilaç aktivitesi çalışmalarını, metabolik yol analizini ve sistem biyolojisi ile ilgili diğer bazı çalışmaları içerir. Yani metabolomik, NMR, GC-MS ve LC-MS gibi yüksek verimli teknolojilerle hücrelerde, dokularda veya biyolojik sıvılarda bulunan tüm metabolitlerin kısa sürede ucuz ve doğru ayrılması, tanımlanması ve ölçülmesidir. Beslenme paternleri ve toksinlere maruz kalma gibi çevresel faktörler, obezite, tip 2 diyabet gibi birçok hastalığın önlenmesinde/ gelişmesinde ve dolayısıyla kişilerin sağlık durumlarında önemli bir rol oynar. Sağlıklı olmak, iyi genetik, iyi yaşam tarzı ve iyi beslenmenin bir birleşimidir. Metabolomik, metabolit konsantrasyonlarını izleyerek fizyolojik işlemlerin analizini sağlar, büyük ölçüde yiyeceğin moleküler içeriğine ve sağlık özelliklerine göre değişebilen ve gıda işlemesinin bir sonucu olarak oluşan kimyasal değişiklikleri karakterize eder. Günümüzde bilim insanarı obezite, diyabet, kardiyovasküler ve kronik hastalıkların önlenmesi ve yaşamı uzatan, kilo verdiren, fiziksel ve zihinsel sağlığı geliştiren ve kalp krizi ve kanser gibi hastalıkları önleyen yeni biyoaktif gıda bileşenleri bulmak için çalışmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, metabolomik tekniklerin kullanımı, gıda tüketim modellerinin geliştirilmesi, herhangi bir diyetin faydaları ve fizyolojik tepkilerin iyileştirilmesine yönelik çalışmalara katkı sunmaktadır. Bu konuda gıda bilimi ve beslenme, gıda kalitesi ve gıda güvenliği, gıda işleme alanında birçok çalışma vardır. Özetle, hücre seviyesindeki genlerin, proteinlerin, enzimlerin, metabolitlerin ve mikro ortamların etkilerinin daha iyi anlaşılması, hücre fonksiyonlarını ve genel sağlığı geliştirmek için beslenme programlarının tasarımına metabolik yaklaşımlar yardımcı olabilir, sağlık ve hastalık, beslenme ve besinlerin rolünü anlayışımızı geliştirebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; gıda ve beslenme araştırmalarında metabolomic uygulamalar konusunda genel bir değerlendirme yapmak, bazı potansiyel uygulamaları vurgulamak, metabolominin gıda ve beslenme üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmak ve bu konularda bilimsel literatürü sunmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Metabolomik, gıda, beslenme, sağlık

Metabolomic Applications in Nutrition and Food: A General Evaluation

Metabolomics is the determination, quantification, and identification of small molecule metabolites from lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, hormones and other cell components in tissues, cells, and physiological fluids by using high-efficiency technologies in a certain period. The application of metabolomics includes the identification of biomarkers, enzyme-substrate interactions, drug-activity studies, metabolic pathway analysis and some other studies related to the system biology. So metabolomics is the cheap and correct separation, definition and measurement of all metabolites in cells, tissues or biological fluids in short amounts of time with high throughput technologies such as NMR, GC-MS, and LC-MS. It is the quantitative measurement of the metabolic profile of the living being to characterize the genetics and the phenotypic response to the nutritional status of it. Environmental factors, such as feeding patterns and exposure to toxins, play an important role in the prevention/development of many diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and therefore in the health status of individuals. There are many studies in the field of food science and nutrition, food quality and food safety and food processing. Being healthy is a combination of good genetics, good lifestyle and good nutrition. Metabolomics allows the analysis of physiological processes by monitoring metabolite concentration, they can vary according to metabolic information and to a substantial extent the molecular content of the food and its health properties and characterize the chemical changes as a result of food processing. In summary, a better understanding of the effects of genes, proteins, enzymes, metabolites at the cellular level and microenvironments can aid in metabolomic approach to the design of nutritional programs in order to process cell functions and improve overall health. Today, scientists are working to prevent obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular and chronic diseases and find new bioactive food components that prolong life, lose weight, improve physical and mental health, and prevent diseases such as heart attacks and cancer. In this context, the use of metabolomics techniques, the development of food consumption patterns, the benefits of any diet and improvement of physiological responses are provided and new components can be discovered. In summary, a better understanding of the effects of cell-level genes, proteins, enzymes, metabolites, and micro-environments can help metabolic approaches to the design of nutritional programs to process cell functions and improve overall health and to improve our understanding of the role of health and disease, nutrition and nutrients. The objective of this study; to make a general evaluation about metabolomics applications in food and nutrition research and to emphasize some potential applications of metabolomics in food and nutrition research, to investigate the effects of metabolomics on nutrition and food to present scientific literature on these subjects.

Keywords:

Metabolomics, food, nutrition, health,

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