Basel ve Hong Kong Sözleşmeleri Bağlamında Gemi Söküm Endüstrisi: Çevre, Sağlık ve Güvenlik Odaklı Bir Analiz

Çalışmanın amacı, gemi sökümü endüstrisindeki çevre, sağlık ve güvenlik şartlarının iyileştirilmesi sorununa, Basel ve Hong Kong Sözleşmeleri’nin yanıt olabilme potansiyeli üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir analiz yapmaktır. Söz konusu düzenlemeler soruna etkin bir çözüm üretilme konusunda ciddi bir ikilemle karşı karşıyadır. Gemi söküm işlemi belirli standartlara uygun olarak gerçekleştirildiğinde ekonomik açıdan yapılabilir bir faaliyet olmaktan çıkmaktadır. Ancak diğer taraftan, dünya deniz filosu hacmindeki genişlemeye bağlı olarak sökümü ve geri dönüşümü gereken gemi miktarı giderek artmaktadır. Dolayısıyla ilgili düzenlemeler bir yandan bu işin ekonomik açıdan yapılabilir bir faaliyet olarak kalmasını, öte yandan da işçi sağlığı ve güvenliği ile çevreye ilişkin şartların iyileştirilmesini sağlamalıdırlar. Doğal olarak bu ikilem, Sözleşmelerin gücünü ve etkinliğini zayıflatmaktadır. Gelişmiş ülkeler, yüksek maliyetler ve sektörün taşıdığı riskler sebebiyle gemi söküm işlemi yapmamakta ve hurda gemileri gelişmekte olan ülkelere ihraç etmektedir. Söküm işlemi yapılan gelişmekte olan ülkeler ise düşük standartların yarattığı maliyet avantajını kullanarak bu işten kazanç sağlamakta ancak bu süreçte sektörle bütünleşen ciddi çevre ve sağlık sorunlara maruz kalmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

: Gemi Sökümü, Basel Sözleşmesi, Hong Kong Sözleşmesi, İşçi Sağlığı ve Güvenliği, Çevre

Ship-Breaking Industry in The Context Of Basel And Hong Kong Conventions: An Environment, Health And Safety-Based Analysis

This study aims to make a comparative analysis on the Basel and Hong Kong conventions’ potential to improve the conditions related to health, safety and environment in ship-breaking industry. These arrangements face a severe dilemma in producing an effective solution to the problem. Because of high standards and strict obligations, ship recycling process is not an economically viable activity. On the other side, the number of fleets has been increasing day by day in the world because of the rise in sea transportation. Thus these regulations should be made in order to keep the ship-breaking as an economically executable process on the one hand and to ameliorate the conditions related to worker’s health and security, and environmental compliance on the other hand. Naturally, this situation weakened the strength and effectiveness of these conventions. The developed countries prefer not to make any ship-breaking because of the high costs and risks, and they export the scrap vessels to the developing states. Because of poor standards in developing states, ship-breaking can be executed less costly and they can profit from this industry, but they are exposed to severe environmental and health problems.

Keywords:

Key Worlds: Ship-breaking, Basel Convention, Hong Kong Convention, Occupational health and safety, Environment,

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