ÖZBEK HALK HEKIMLIĞINDE HEKIM MESLEĞI VE SINIFLANDIRILMASI

Halk hekimliği gelenekleri, uzun süreli ampirik bilgi birikimi, dini görüşler ve insanlığın ekonomik geleneklerinin kazanımları sonucunda oluşmuştur. İlk zamanlarda tıptaki başarıların tüm insanlar tarafından kullanıldığı, ancak zamanla sadece belirli kişilerin bu bilgiyi edindiği ve tıp özel bir meslek haline geldiği tarihten bilinmektedir. Bu makale, Özbek halk hekimliğindeki tıp meslekleri ve sınıflandırmalarına odaklanmakta ve tıp gelenekleri hakkındaki görüşleri tasavvufi ve ampirik olmak üzere iki ana gruba ayırmakta ve kendilerine has özellikleri hakkında genel bir görüş sunmaktadır. Özbek halkının tıp geleneklerinde, tasavvufi ve ampirik tıp temsilcilerinin tıp geleneklerine ve eski halk görüşlerine göre faaliyetlerine ilişkin görüşleri, etnolojik literatürün analizi temelinde değerlendirilmektedir. Bu makale aynı zamanda modern toplumdaki doktorların faaliyetleri ve günümüz toplumundaki rollerinin tarihi ve gelişim aşamaları hakkında etnolojik bilgiler sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Özbek halk hekimliği, tıp meslekleri, tıbbi sınıflandırmalar.

MEDICAL PROFESSION AND CLASSIFICATION IN UZBEK FOLK MEDICINE

Traditions of folk medicine had been formed as a result of long-term accumulation of empirical knowledge, religious views, and achievements of economic traditions of mankind. It is known from history that in the early days the achievements in medicine were used by all people, but over time, only certain individuals acquired this knowledge and medicine became a special profession. This article focuses on the medical professions and classifications in Uzbek folk medicine and divides the views on medical traditions into two main groups: mystical and empirical, and provides a general view on theirspecific features. In the medical traditions of the Uzbek people, the views on the activities of the representatives of mystical and empirical medicine according to medical traditions and ancient folk views are evaluated on the basis of the analysis of ethnological literature. This article also provides ethnological information on the activities of doctors in modern society and the history and the stages of development of their roles in today’s society

Keywords:

Uzbek folk medicine medical professions, medical classifications, surgeons.,

PDF

___

ABDULLAYEV A., Narodnaya medisina Xorezma, Sovetskoye zdrovoxraniniye. № 5, 1977.
ABILQASIMOV E., Folk medicine of Kazakh people, Almati, publisher Atamura, 1993.
ASHIROV A. AND OTHER, Mindon and mindonids, Tashkent, publisher New Release, 2015.
AXMEDOV R., Historical medicine of Bukhara, Bukhara, publisher University, 2009.
BASILOV V., “Shamanstvo u narodov Sredney Azii i Kazaxstana, Moskva, publisher Science, 1992.
BOGDAN RYK, Bukhara surgeons, Turkestansky vedomosti, № 53, 1903.
BROMLEY YU., Narodnaya meditsina kak predmet etnograficheskix issledovaniy, Sovetskaya etnografiya, № 5, 1976.
G`OYIBOV M., AND OTHER, Khiva medicine, Tashkent, publisher Abu Ali ibn Sino. 1995.
GRZYWACZ Z., Traditional Kazakh medicine in change, Poznan, publisher Henryk Jankowski, 2010.
HANDAYANI L. AND OTHER, Traditional system of medicine in Indonesia, Traditional Medicine in Asia, New Delhi, publisher WHO, 2001.
HOHMANN S., Ouzbekistan. Instrumentalisation politique de la medecine traditionnelle, Le Courrier des pays de l'Est, № 3, 2008.
HOMIDIY H., DUSCHONOV B., “Avesto” andmedicine, Tashkent, publisher Ibn Sino, 2001.
IKROM MAVLON, Water flowing in front, Literature and art of Uzbekistan, № 28, 1984.
JEAN-FRANCOIS SOBIECKI, The Intersection of Culture and Science in South African Traditional Medicine, Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology. Vol. 14/1, 2014.
JOVLIYEV A., Development of surgery on the territory of Uzbekistan during the reign of Timur and the Temurids, Family doctor, 21 april 2000 year.
JURAYEV A., Folk medicine, Tashkent, publisher Orient, 2008.
KADIROV A., Ob uzbekskoy narodnoy meditsine, Sbornik nauchnix trudov Ministerstvo zdravooxraneniya UzSSR, Tashkentskiy Gosudarstvenniy meditsinskiy institut. Tom XX, Tashkent, 1961.
KADIROV A., The emergence of Central Asian medicine, Tashkent, publisher Ibn Sino, 1990.
KADIROVA L., Narodnaya meditsina Sibirskix tatar. Avtoref. diss. k.i.n. Moskva, 2004.
KUSHELEVSKIY V., Materiali meditsinskoy geografii i sanitarnogo opisaniya Ferganskoy oblasti. Tom I. Noviy Margelan, publisher Lit. Tipograf, 1891.
LAKOSHCHYN N., Sartarash, Turkestanskiy vedomosti. № 75, 1903.
LOGOFET D., Buxarskoye xanstvo - pod russkim protektoratom. Tom II, Sanktpeterburg, publisher V. Berezovskiy, 1911.
MINIBAEVA Z., Folk medicine of the Bashkirs of the Kurgan region (late XIX - early XXI centuries). Abstract of thesis. diss. Ph.D. Ufa, 2011.
MONAKOV N., Vozmojnost ispolzovaniya sposobov immobilizatsii, primenyayemix narodnoy meditsinoy v Tadjikistane, Izvestiya Akademiya Nauk Tadjikskoy SSR. Otdeleniye yestestven, 1954.
MUMINOVA G., History of folk medicine, Health, № 1, 1999.
NAZAROV S. AND OTHER, Abu-l-Qasim Az-Zahrawi -founder of medieval applied surgery, Medical journal of Uzbekistan, № 2-3, 2002.
OGUDIN V., Attari-aptekari narodnoy medisine musulmanskogo vostoka, Etnograficheskaya obozrenie, № 2, 2001.
SEYFULMULYUKOV I., K voprosu o tabibizme v Uzbekistane, Meditsinskaya misl Uzbekistana, № 9-10, 1928.
SMITH E., Practiceof surgery in Islamic lands, Social history of medicine, Vol.13/2, 2000.
SOBIROV R., Study and use of medicinal plants in traditional Khorezm medicine, Khiva, publisher Khorezm Mamun Academy, 2011.
SUPRAPTO A., Study on traditional bone healing (research report). Surabaya, 1996.
SUXAREVA О., Kvartalnaya obshina pozdnefeodalnogo goroda Buxari, Moskva, publisher Science, 1976.
UROLOV А., Medical organization`s in the past, Tashkent, publisher Science, 1990.
USMONOV SH., The first healing places, Science and life, № 6, 1998.