A Comprehensive Review on Roughness Geometries and Investigation Techniques Used in Artificially Roughened Solar Air Heaters

Artificial roughness applied on the absorber plate is the most acclaimed method to improve thermal performance of solar air heaters at the cost of low to moderate friction penalty. Experimental investigations pertinent to distinct roughness geometries unfolds that the enhancement in heat transfer is accompanied by considerable rise in pumping power. In view of the fact, a designer needs to carefully examine shape and orientation of roughness elements in order to choose the best fit roughness geometry for intended application. Moreover it is required to understand how flow field is affected by particular roughness geometry so that direction of future researches could be conceived. So as to elucidate the useful findings an attempt has been made to review roughness geometries employed in solar air heaters. Some distinguished roughness geometries have been compared on the basis of heat transfer enhancements and thermohaydraulic performance to draw attention towards their usefulness for specific applications. Furthermore, light is thrown on different investigation techniques adopted for prediction of heat transfer and friction characteristics of artificially roughened solar air heaters to recognize features and limitations of each technique.

Keywords:

Artificial roughness, Solar air heater, Roughness geometry Nusselt number, thermohydraulic performance, Reynolds number,

PDF

___

Varun, Saini R.P., Singal S.K., “A review on roughness geometry used in solar air heaters”, Solar Energy, 81, 1350, 2007.
Hans V.S., Saini, R.P., Saini, J.S. , “Performance of artificially roughened solar air heaters-A review”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13, 1854- , 2009.
Bhushan B., Singh R., “A review on methodology of artificial roughness used in duct of solar air heaters”, Energy, 35, 202-212, 2010.
Joule J.P., “On the surface condensation of steam”, Philos Trans R Soc Lond, 151, 133-160, 1861.
Webb R.L., Eckert E.R.G. and Goldstein R. J., “Heat transfer and friction in tubes with repeated rib roughness”, International journal of Heat mass transfer, , 601-617, 1971. Lewis M.J., “Optimizing the thermohydraulic performance of rough surfaces”. International journal of
Heat mass transfer, 18, 1243-1248, 1975.
Han J.C., Glicksman L.R., Rohsenow W.M., “Heat transfer and friction for rib roughened surfaces”, International journal of Heat mass transfer, 21, 1143- , 1978.
Han J.C., “Heat transfer and friction in channels with opposite rib roughened walls”, Trans. ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 106, 774-781, 1984.
Han J.C., Park J.S., “Developing heat transfer in a rectangular channel with rib turbulators”, Trans. ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 31, 183-195, 1988.
Han, J.C., Park, J.S., Lei, C.K., “Augmented heat transfer in rectangular channel of narrow aspect ratios with rib turbulators”, International journal of Heat mass transfer, 32/9, 1619-1630, 1989.
Han J.C., Zhang Y.M., Lee C.P., “Influence of surface heat flux ratio on heat transfer augmentation in square channel with parallel, crossed and V-shaped angled ribs”, Trans. ASME Journal of Turbo machinery, , 872-880, 1994.
Ravigururajan T.S., Bergles A.E., “General correlations for pressure drop and heat transfer for single- phase turbulent flow in internally ribbed tubes”, J. ASME, 52, 9-20, 1985.
Liou T.M., Hwang J.J., “Effect of ridge shapes on turbulent heat transfer and friction in a rectangular channel”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 36, 931−940, 1993.
Han J.C., Zhang Y.M., “High performance heat transfers ducts with parallel broken and V- shaped broken ribs”, International journal of Heat mass transfer, 35(2), 523, 1992.
Kiml R., Mochizuki S., Murata A., “Effects of rib arrangements on heat transfer and flow behavior in a rectangular rib roughened passage”, International Journal of Heat and mass transfer, 123, 675-681, 2001.
Lau S.C., McMillin R.D., Han J.C., “Turbulent heat transfer and friction in a square channel with discrete rib turbulators”, Trans. ASME Journal of Turbo machinery, , 360-366, 1991.
Lau S.C., McMillin R.D., Han J.C., “Heat transfer characteristics of turbulent flow in a square channel with angled rib”, Trans. ASME Journal of Turbo machinery, , 367-374, 1991.
Lau S.C., Kukreja R.T., McMillin R.D., “Effects of V shaped rib arrays on turbulent heat transfer and friction of fully developed flow in a square channel”, International Journal of Heat and mass transfer, 34,1605- , 1991.
Taslim M.E., Li T., Kercher D.M., “Experimental heat transfer and friction in channels roughened with angled, V-shaped and discrete ribs on two opposite walls”, Trans. ASME Journal of Turbo machinery , 118, 28, 1996.
Olsson C.O., Sunden B., “Thermal and hydraulic performance of a rectangular duct with multiple V- shaped ribs”, Trans. ASME, 120, 1072-1077, 1998.
Gao X., Sunden B., “Heat transfer and pressure drop measurements in rib roughened rectangular ducts”, Exp. Thermal Fluid Sci., 24, 25-34, 2001.
Hu Z., Shen J., “Heat transfer enhancement in a converging passage with discrete ribs”, International Journal of Heat and mass transfer, 39(8), 1719-1727,
Cho H.H., Kim Y.Y., Rhee D.H., Lee S.Y., Wu S.J., “Theeffect of gap position in discrete ribs on local heat/mass transfer in a square duct”, Journal of Enhanced Heat Transfer, 10(3),287-300, 2003.
Moon H.K., O’Connell T., Glezer B., “Channel height effect on heat transfer and friction in a dimpled passage”, ASME Journal Eng. Gas. Turbines Power, (2),307-313, 2000.
Mahmood G.I., Hill M.L., Nelson D.L., Ligrani P.M., Moon H.K., Glezer B., “Local heat transfer and flow structure on and above a dimpled surface in a channel”, Trans. ASME Journal of Turbo machinery, , 115, 2001.
Mahmood G.I., Ligrani P.M., “Heat transfer in a dimpled channel: combined influences of aspect ratio, temperature ratio, Reynold number and flow structure”, International Journal of Heat and mass transfer, 45, 2011- , 2002.
Burgess N.K., Oliveira M.M., Ligrani P.M., “Nusselt number behaviour on deep dimpled surfaces within a channel”, Journal of Heat Transfer, 125, 11-18, Sang D.H., Hyun G.K., Hyung H.C., “Heat transfer with dimple/protrusion arrays in a rectangular duct with low Reynold number range”, Int J Heat Fluid Flow, ,916-926, 2008.
Chang S.W., Chiang K.F., Yang T.L., Huang C.C., “Heat transfer and pressure drop in dimpled fin channels”, Experimental thermal and fluid science, (1),23-40, 2008 .
Varun, Saini R.P., Singal S.K., “A review on roughness geometry used in solar air heaters”, Sol Energy, 81, 1340-1350, 2007.
Prasad K., Mullick S.C., “Heat transfer characteristics of a solar air heater used for drying purposes”, Appl Energy, 13(2), 83-93, 1983.
Prasad B.N., Saini J.S., “Effect of artificial roughness on heat transfer and friction factor in a solar air heater”, Sol Energy, 41(6), 555-560, 1988.
Gupta D., Solanki S.C., Saini J.S., “Heat and fluid flow in rectangular solar air heater ducts having transverse rib roughness on absorber plates”, Solar Energy 51, 31-37, 1993.
Saini R.P., Saini J.S., “Heat transfer and friction factor correlations for artificially roughened ducts with expended metal mesh as roughness element”, Int J Heat Mass Transf, 40(4), 973-986, 1997.
Karwa R., Solanki S.C., Saini J.S., “Heat transfer coefficient and friction factor correlations for the transitional flow regime in rib-roughened rectangular ducts”, Int J Heat Mass Transf, 42, 1597-1615, 1999.
Bhagoria J.L., Saini J.S., Solanki S.C., “Heat transfer coefficient and friction factor correlations for rectangular solar air heater duct having transverse wedge shaped rib roughness on the absorber plate”, Renew Energy, 25, 341-369, 2002.
Momin A.M.E., Saini J.S., Solanki S.C., “Heat transfer and friction in solar air heater duct with V- shaped rib roughness on absorber plate”, Int J Heat Mass Transf, 45, 3383-3396, 2002.
Karwa R., “Experimental studies of augmented heat transfer and friction in asymmetrically heated rectangular ducts with ribs on the heated wall in transverse, inclined, v-continuous and v-discrete pattern”, Int Comm Heat Mass Transf, 30(2), 241-250, 2003.
Sahu M.M., Bhagoria J.L., “Augmentation of heat transfer coefficient by using 90o broken transverse ribs on absorber plate of solar air heater”, Renewable Energy, , 2057-2063, 2005.
Jaurker A.R., Saini J.S., Gandhi B.K., “Heat transfer and friction characteristics of rectangular solar air heater duct using rib-grooved artificial roughness”, Solar Energy, 80 (8), 895-907, 2006.
Karmare S.V., Tikekar A.N., “Heat transfer and friction factor correlation for artificially roughened duct with metal grit ribs”, Int J Heat Mass Transf, 50, 4342- , 2007. Aharwal K.R., Gandhi B.K., on heat-transfer “Experimental enhancement due to a gap in an inclined continuous rib arrangement in a rectangular duct of solar air heater”, Renew Energy, 33, 585-596, 2008.
Varun, Saini R.P., Singal S.K., “Investigation of thermal performance of solar air heater having roughness elements as a combination of inclined and transverse ribs on the absorber plate”, Renew Energy, 33, 1398-1405,
Saini R.P., Verma J., “Heat transfer and friction factor correlations for a duct having dimple-shape artificial roughness for solar air heaters”, Energy, 33, 1287, 2008.
Saini S.K., Saini R.P., “Development of correlations for Nusselt number and friction factor for solar air heater with roughened duct having arc-shaped wire as artificial roughness”, Sol Energy, 82,1118-1130, 2008.
Layek A., Saini J.S., Solanki S.C., “Effect of chamfering on heat transfer and friction characteristics of solar air heater having absorber plate roughened with compound turbulators”, Renewable Energy, 34, 1292- , 2009.
Kumar A., Bhagoria J.L., Sarviya R.M., “Heat transfer enhancement in channel of solar air collector by using discrete w-shaped artificial roughened absorber”, in th National & 8th ISHMT-ASME Heat and Mass Transfer Conference, 2008.
Hans V.S., Saini R.P., Saini J.S., “Heat transfer and friction factor correlations for a solar air heater duct roughened artificially with multiple v-ribs”, Solar Energy, 84, 898-911, (2010).
Gao Xiufang, Sunden Bengt, “Effect of inclination angle of ribs on the flow behavior in rectangular ducts”, Trans. ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering, 126, 692- , 2004.
Bonhoff, B., Parneix, S., Leusch, J., Johnson, B.V., Schabacker, J., and Boles, A., “Experimental and numerical study of developed flow and heat transfer in coolants with channels with 45 degree ribs”, Int. Journal of Heat and fluid flow, 20, 311-319, 1999.
Gao Xiufang, Sunden Bengt, “PIV measurement of flow field in rectangular ducts with 60o parallel, crossed and V-shaped ribs”, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 28, 369-653,2004.
Aharwal K. R., Gandhi B. K., Saini J.S., “An experimental investigation of heat transfer and fluid flow in a rectangular duct with inclined discrete ribs”, International Journal of Energy and Environment (IJEE), Vol 1, Issue 6, pp.987-998, 2010. Lockett J.F., Hwang
Interferometry Applied to Rib-Roughness Heat Transfer in Turbulent Flow”, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 33, −2449, 1990. J.J., “Holographic
Han J. C., Glicksman L. R., Rohsenow W.M., “An Investigation of Heat Transfer and Friction for Rib- Roughened Surfaces”, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 21, −1156, 2010.
Arman B., Rabas T. J., “Disruption Shape Effect on the Performance of Enhanced Tubes with the Separation and Reattachment Mechanism”, ASME Symposium, HTD-202, Enhanced Heat Transfer, 67−75, 1992.
Liou T.M., Chang Y., Hwang D.W., “Experimental and Computational Study of Turbulent Flows in a Channel with Two Pairs of Turbulence Promoters in Tandem”, ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering, 112, −310, 1990.
Ooi A., Iaccarino G., Durbin P.A., Behnia M., “Reynolds Averaged Simulation of Flow and Heat Transfer in Ribbed Ducts”, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 23, 750−757, 2002.
Liou T.M., Hwang J.J., Chen, S.H., “Simulation and Measurement of Enhanced Turbulent Heat Transfer in a Channel with Periodic Ribs on One Principal Wall”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 36, −517, 1993.
Sleiti A. K., Kapat J. S., “Comparison Between EVM and RSM Turbulence Models in Predicting Flow and Heat Transfer in Rib Roughened Channels”, Proceedings of the ASME Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA, ASME Paper HT-FED04-56250 , 2004. Layek A., “Heat Transfer and Friction
Characteristics for Artificially Roughened Ducts with Compound Turbulators”, Heat Mass Transfer, doi: 1016/j. ijheatmasstransfer, 2007.
Karmare S.V., Tikekar A.N., “Analysis of fluid flow and heat transfer in a rib grit roughened surface solar air heater using CFD”, Solar Energy, 84, 409-417, 2010.
Kumar S., Saini R.P., “CFD based performance analysis of a solar air heater duct provided with artificial roughness”, Renewable Energy, 34, 1285-1291, 2009.
Chaube A, Sahoo P.K., Solanki S.C., “Analysis of heat transfer augmentation and flow characteristics of a solar air heater”, Renew Energy, 31,317-331, 2006.
ASHRAE Standard 93-97, Method of Testing to Determine the Thermal Performance of Solar Collector,